Acute Leukemia Flashcards
it refers to the rapid, clonal proliferation in the bone marrow of lymphoid or myeloid progenitor
acute leukemia
FAB classification
30% blast
PBS and BM examination
Cytochemical staining
it is primarily a disease of childhood and adolescence, accounting to 25% of childhood cancers up to 75% of childhood leukemia
acute lymphoblastic/lymphoid leukemia
what is seen in patient with B-cell ALL
fatigue (anemia)
fever (neutropenia and infection)
mucocutaneous bleeding (thrombocytopenia)
lymphadenopathy
splenomegaly
hepatomegaly
bone pain
morphology of 2 type of lymphoblast
1-2.5x size of normal lymphocyte with scant blue cytoplasm and indistinct nucleoli (1st)
2-3x size of normal lymphocyte with prominent nucleoli and nuclear membrane irregularities (2nd)
the tool that is the most reliable indicator of a cell’s origin
immunophenotyping
genetic analysis
it is the most common type of leukemia in adults
acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
common abnormalities in laboratory test results in AML
hyperuricemia
hyperphosphatemia
hypocalcemia
hypokalemia
it refers to the extramedullary proliferation of blasts of one or more myeloid lineages that disrupt tissue architecture
myeloid sarcoma
is an enzyme found in the primary granules of granulocytic cells.
myeloperoxidase (MPO)
it stains cellular lipids, and also more sensitive for early myeloid cells
sudan black b (SBB)
are used to differentiate myeloblast and neutrophilic granulocytes from cells of monocytic origin
esterases
how many isoenzymes of esterase is found leukocytes
9 isoenzymes
what are the two (non-specific) substrates of esterase
a-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE)
a-naphthyl butyrate esterase (ANBE)
what is the (specific) substrate of esterase
NASDA
