Acute Inflammation

Question 1

What is histamine released in response to and from here(3 places)?

Answer 1

Physical damage 
Immunological damage 
C3a and C5a 
IL-1 
Factors from neutrophils and platelets 

Mast cells
Basophils
Platelets

Question 2

What are the 3 main effects of histamine?

Answer 2

Transient increased vascular permeability

Vascular dilation

Pain

Question 3

In terms of increased vascular permeability what do the following chemical mediators do:

TNF alpha and IL-1

Histamine and LTs

VEGF

Answer 3

Cytoskeletal rearrangement
Endothelial contraction
Increased transcytosis

Question 4

Name 2 chemotaxins.

Answer 4

C5a and LTB4

Question 5

Name 2 opsonins

Answer 5

C3b C4b Fc

Question 6

Name 2 pyrogens.

Answer 6

IL-1 and TNFalpha

Question 7

Name 3 conditions associated with acute inflammatory disorders.

Answer 7

alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency
NADPH oxidase deficiency
C1 esterase deficiency (hereditary angio-oedema)

Question 8

Name 2 conditions underwhich a transudate will form.

Answer 8

Increased hydrostatic pressure

Decreased oncotic pressure

Question 9

Name 3 important roles of proteases during acute inflammation.

Answer 9

Formation of kinins (Brady kinin)
Cleavage of complement proteins
Degrading clots (plasmin)

Question 10

Give 4 chemical mediators which increase vascular permeability.

Answer 10

VEGF
Cytokines (TNFa and IL-1)
LTs
Histamine

Question 11

Give 2 systemic responses to acute inflammation.

Answer 11

Decreased appetite

Increased pulse rate

Question 12

Give it specific inhibitors of acute inflammation

Answer 12

Lipoxins

Endothelins