Acute Infection

Question 1

Which toxin is secreted by the T2SS?

Answer 1

Exotoxin A

Question 2

T2SS secretes toxins where?

Answer 2

Into the extracellular space

Question 3

T6SS is used for what?

Answer 3

To secrete effectors into bacterial cells where they can cause cell damage. Effectors that are able to cleave DNA, impact the cell integrity of the target bacterium by interfering with the cell wall/membrane.

Question 4

T3SS is used for what?

Answer 4

To kill eukaryotic cells

To infect effectors directly into eukaryotic cells to harm them

Question 5

What is the most toxic virulence factor of P.aeruginosa?

Answer 5

Exotoxin A

Question 6

Exotoxin A is secreted by?

Answer 6

T2SS

Question 7

Exotoxin A is toxic how?

Answer 7

Cleaves EF2- elongation factor 2 which is needed for translation
Prevents protein synthesis

Question 8

T2SS secretes exotoxin A where?

Answer 8

Into the extracellular space

Question 9

What are the three domains of exotoxin A?

Answer 9

Has a receptor binding domain
Has a translocation domain
Has a catalytic domain

Question 10

Exotoxin A is what type of toxin?

Answer 10

It is a proenzyme

Question 11

What is the main difference between the effectors of P.aeruginosa T3SS and those of the pathogenic E.coli T3SS?

Answer 11

The T3SS of P.aeruginosa only secretes types of 4 effectors which is different to pathogenic E.coli which is able to secrete a range

Question 12

What are the 4 possible T3SS effectors?

Answer 12

STUY
ExoS
ExoT
ExoU
ExoY

Question 13

A P.aeruginosa never has?

Answer 13

Both ExoS and ExoU

Question 14

Which effectors are very similar and share the same chaperone?

Answer 14

ExoS and ExoT

Question 15

What is the importance of chaperones?

Answer 15

To ensure the appropriate delivery of effectors into the eukaryotic cells.

Question 16

What is the chaperone for ExoS and ExoT?

Answer 16

SpcS

Question 17

ExoS and ExoT share the same molecular chaperone known as?

Answer 17

SpcS

Question 18

ExoY has which chaperone?

Answer 18

No chaperone identified

Question 19

ExoU has which chaperone?

Answer 19

SpcU

Question 20

What are the two catalytic domains of ExoS and ExoT?

Answer 20

GTPase activating domain- GAP domain

ADPRT: Adenosine diphosphate ribosyltransferase domain

Question 21

What are all the domains present in ExoS and ExoT?

Answer 21

CBD- chaperone binding domain
MTD- membrane translocation domain
GAP domain
ADPRT domain

Question 22

Which catalytic domain in ExoS/ExoT is N-terminal?

Answer 22

GAP domain

Question 23

Which catalytic domain in ExoS/ExoT is C-terminal?

Answer 23

ADPRT domain

Question 24

Describe the structure of ExoS/ExoT?

Answer 24

S secretion signal
CBD
MLD
GAP catalytic domain
ADPRT catalytic domain

Question 25

ExoU is only found in strains?

Answer 25

Lacking ExoS

Question 26

Chaperone for ExoU?

Answer 26

SpcU

Question 27

Catalytic domains of ExoU?

Answer 27

Phospholipase domain

Question 28

What does the phospholipase domain do?

Answer 28

It can degrade phospholipids
Degrade the eukaryotic cell membrane- interfere with the integrity of the eukaryotic cell membrane and can result in cell death

Question 29

In comparison to ExoS/ExoT what is different about ExoU?

Answer 29

It causes rapid cell death

Causes cell death much quicker

Question 30

What is the most toxic T3SS effector?

Answer 30

ExoU

Question 31

ExoY chaperone?

Answer 31

No chaperone has been identified

Question 32

ExoY catalytic domain?

Answer 32

Adenylate cyclase

Question 33

Adenylate cyclase causes?

Answer 33

Intracellular cAMP accumulation
This cAMP can lead to the expression of multiple genes regulated by cAMP. Can disrupt the actin cytoskeleton and increase endothelial permeability.

Question 34

What is associated with acute infection?

Answer 34

Acute infection is associated with:
T3SS
Virulence factors e.g. T2SS: Exotoxin A, T3SS: Exo T,U,S,Y, virulence factors from QS: hydrogen cyanide etc…
Motility