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Child's Health > Acute Child > Flashcards

Acute Child Flashcards

1
Q

Most common childhood presentation (primary care)

A

Bronchiolitis

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2
Q

Most common acute childhood presentation (secondary care)

A

Sepsis

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3
Q

What is bronchiolitis? What is it called by?

A

An acute inflammation of the bronchioles

Viral (RSV)

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4
Q

What is the X-ray sign for croup?

A

Steeple sign

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5
Q

What is the treatment for croup?

A

Steroids

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6
Q

What are some non-epilepsy causes of seziure

A

Febrile seizure, vasovagal, reflex, anoxic seizure

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7
Q

What age does: congenital pyloric stenosis, volvulus, intussuception, malrotation present?

A

Infant

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8
Q

What age group does appendicitis and testicular torsion present?

A

Children

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9
Q

How does pyloric stenosis present in children?

A

Projectile vomiting AFTER feeding. Hungry baby. Palpable mass on stomach.

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10
Q

How is pyloric stenosis diagnosed and treated?

A

Diagnosed: USS
Treated: Pyloromyotomy

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11
Q

What age does pyloric stenosis occur?

A

4-6 weeks

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12
Q

What age does intussuception present? What are the symptoms?

A

6 months
Infrequent & absent stools
Sausage shaped mass on abdomen

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13
Q

How is intussuception diagnosed?

A

USS (shows a kidney bean, multi-layered bowel)

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14
Q

What age does malrotation present? What are the symptoms?

A

New-born period.

Presents with green bile vomiting.

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15
Q

How is malrotation diagnosed

A

Upper GI contract with follow through

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16
Q

What age does peritonitis / appendicitis usually present?

A

6 years

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17
Q

How does peritonitis present

A

Acute abdomen pain, worse on driving / bumping/ child will be unable to jump

18
Q

How is early appendicitis pain different from late appendicitis pain?

A

Early appendicitis is visceral and late is somatic (due to peritonitis)

19
Q

What is the Hydatid of Morgani?

A

Appendix testis - a remanent of the Mullerian duct

20
Q

What is blue dot sign indicative of?

A

Appendix testis

21
Q

Where will pain be present in appendix testis torsion?

A

Top of testis

22
Q

What is the cause of testicular torsion?

A

Spermatic cord twisting

23
Q

How is testicular torsion confirmed?

A

USS of scrotum

24
Q

How can epididmytis be differentiated from testicular torsion?

A

Epididymitis presents with swelling and discoloured scrotum and a fever (note: torsion can sometimes present with a low-grade fever)

25
Q

Undescended testis is a risk factor for which cancer

A

Testicular

26
Q

Describe some indications for circumcision

A

Balanitis xerotica obliterans

Severe phimosis

27
Q

Investigation of choice in a new-born child with green vomiting?

A

Plain AXR (volvulus and malrotation are both possible)

28
Q

Jaundice due to haemolysis will present at what period after birth?

A

First 24 hours

29
Q

When does breastfeeding jaundice present?

A

3-12 weeks after birth

30
Q

When does physiological jaundice present?

A

From 3 days to 2 weeks

31
Q

How long does obstructive jaundice tend to last in the newborn?

A

Prolonged (14 days in term, 21 in preterm)

32
Q

Causative agent of croup

A

Viral (often parainfluenzae virus)

33
Q

Spot diagnosis:
A 10 month old infant went to bed well but had a mild cough that evening. The infant woke up around midnight severely distressed with a cough associated with
a harsh sound while breathing.

A

Croup

34
Q

What is encopresis?

A

Normal stools but abnormal places (e.g. smearing on walls)

35
Q

What are the 2 “physiological” reasons for short stature?

A

1) Familial (short parents)

2) Constitutional Delay (undernourished, stress)

36
Q

What are the characteristics of a pathological heart murmur?

A

Any diastolic murmur

37
Q

What’s the most common heart murmur in kids?

A

Innocent

38
Q

Which % of children with functional abdominal pain go on to develop anxiety disorder as an adult?

A

30%

39
Q

What essential facts should be included in a referral letter (from GP to paediatric outpatient clinic)? (5)

A

1) All relevant information (PC, PMH, DH.. etc.)
2) General health include: growth, height, weight, OFC with centiles & development history
3) Relevant SH (e.g. is child in care)
4) Parental Concerns
5) School impact (if any)

40
Q

If an infant <1 year old is choking, what is the recommended intervention?

A

5x back blow then chest thrusts

41
Q

If a child >2 year old is choking, what is the recommended intervention?

A

Abdominal thrusts

42
Q

Key difference in CPR with infants?

A

Don’t overextend head (this will shut-off airway)

Child's Health (6 decks)

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