Acute and Chronic Inflammation Flashcards
mediators of inflammation that act on small blood vessels and recruit WBCs are called
plasma proteins
protein poor fluid
transudate
protein rich fluid
exudate
leucocyte types involved in acute inflammation
neutrophils (PMNs)
leucocyte types involved in chronic inflammation
lymphocytes and macrophages
what occurs during the vascular component of acute inflammation
vasodilation and increased vascular permeability (plasma proteins leave circulation)
what cellular event components occur during acute inflammation occur
- leukocytes emigrate to injury site
- principal leukocytes are neutrophils
what is edema
fluid accumulation in extracellular space
endothelial cell contraction releases what rapid acting substances
- histamine
- bradykinin
- leukotrienes
endothelial cell contraction releases what slow acting cytokines
- tumor necrosis factor (TNF)
- interleukin-1
new blood vessel leakage is called
angiogenesis
what is the role of lymphatic vessels
returns extravascular fluid to the circulation
what are opsonins
host proteins that coat microbes and target them for phagocytosis
example of chemical mediator produced locally by the cells at the site of acute inflammation
mast cell-histamine
example of chemical mediator synthesized on site
prostaglandins and cytokines
where is histamine found and what does it do
mast cells, basophils, and platelets
-dilation of arterioles, increased vascular permeability, endothelial contraction
vasoactive amines (cell-derived mediators)
histamine and serotonin
where is serotonin found and what is it involved with
found in platelets and involved with vasoconstriction in clotting
how are prostaglandins formed (pathway)?
formed in cyclooxyrgenase pathway
prostaglandins are responsible for
pain and fever response in inflammation, and vasodilation
how are leukotrienes formed (pathway)?
lipoxygenase pathway
leukotrienes are associated with
chemotactic factors, vasoconstriction, bronchospasm, increased vascular permeability
steroids inhibit _______
phospholipases
this stabilizes the mast cell membrane
cytokines are derived from both
lymphocytes and macrophages
what mediates communication between leukocytes
cytokines (interleukin)
tumor necrosis factor is produced by
activated macrophages, mast cells, and endothelial cells
what is the principal role of tumor necrosis factor in inflammation
endothelial activation
what are leukocytes
chemoattractant for different subsets of leukocytes that recruit leukocytes to site of inflammation
ROS are produced within _______
lysosomes
what can ROS destroy
destroy phagocytosed microbes and necrotic cells in lysosomes
these plasma proteins coat (opsonize) particles for phagocytosis and destruction
complement
complement can increase:
- vascular permeability
- vasodilation
- leukocyte activation, adhesion, and chemotaxis
complement cells are controlled by
regulatory proteins (thereby protecting normal cells)
bradykinin
- increase vascular permeability
- arteriolar dilation
- bronchial smooth muscle contraction
the dominant cells in chronic inflammation are
macrophages
the major drivers of inflammation in autoimmune and other chronic inflammatory diseases are
lymphocytes
cells found in parasitic infections and immune reactions mediated by igE- allergies
eosinophils
sentinel cells, histamine and arachidonic acid metabolites are from
mast cells
