Activity & Exercise Flashcards
crutches - ____ finger gap between crutch and armpit
2-3
crutch fit
hand grip even c top of hips
elbow at 30º
5 crutch gaits
2 point 3 point 4 point swing to swing through
pt must be wearing a _______ before beginning to ambulate
gait belt
crutches - start in ______ position
tripod
2 point gait
patient moves cruch on injured side and leg on uninjured side together, then the opposite
3 point gait
patient moves both cruches and injured leg together - injured leg is not used at all
4 point gait
same as 2-point, but each point moves separately
swing to gait
patient moves both cruches forward, then swings both legs to the point where the crutches are
swing through gait
patient moves both crutches forward, then swings both legs past the point where the crutches are
stairs
good up, bad down
which side does pt move crutches to when sitting?
injured
cane fit
Top of cane should be even with great trochanter
Top of cane should be even with wrist crease
Elbow flexed at 15-30º angle
nurse stand’s on patient’s ____ side
weak
pt holds cane on ______ side of body
strong
pt moves cane with the _____ side
weak
walker fit
15-30º bend in elbow
When patient holds arms down at side, wrists should be even with hand grips
when using a walker, tell pt…
look ahead
walker gait
Patient lifts & moves walker forward, making sure all 4 points hit floor
Patient moves weak side forward first with weight on hand grips - then strong side
when sitting down, pt slowly extends ____ leg
weak
when moving a pt from supine to dangling, place hands…
under shoulders & around opposite knee
when pt is dangling, ask about…
dizziness
when transferring from bed to wheelchair, place chair on pt’s _____ side
strong
it’s easier to _____ than _____
push than pull
tell pt not to sit down until…
they feel chair at back of legs
4 basic elements of body movement
Body alignment
Joint mobility
Balance
Coordinated movement
ROM
maximum movement possible for a joint
Flexion
decreasing angle of joint
extension
increasing angle of joint
hyperextension
further extending/straightening of joint
abduction
movement of bone away from midline
adduction
movement of bone to midline
rotation
movement of bone around central axis
circumduction
movement of distal part of bone in a circle when proximal part remains fixed (cone)
eversion vs inversion
turning sole of foot outward/inward
pronation vs supination
moving bones of forearm so palm faces downward/upward
Functional strength
ability of body to perform work
activity tolerance
type and amount of exercise an individual is able to perform without experiencing adverse events
Isotonic
muscle shortens to produce movement - most exercise
isometric
muscle contraction occurs s moving joint
isokinetic
muscle contraction against resistance
exercise causes _______ of muscle
hypertrophy
problems c immobility
Decreased muscle mass Stiffness of joints Decreased ROM Increased HR Edema Dyspnea Dehydration Hard, dry, small stool/constipation Decreased intestinal motility Break in skin integrity
