Activities of Pathogens + HIV

Question 1

What are the virulence factors?

Answer 1

Adherence
Immune evasion
Invasion
Toxins

Question 2

What are the two types of pathogens?

Answer 2

Principle and oppurtunistic

Question 3

What is streptococcus pyogenes?

Answer 3

Can cause pharyngitis and skin infection
Infects pharynx and inflammation occurs; M-proteins (adeherence) bind to complement regulators; antibodies are formed against these M proteins, subsequently attacking M-proteins in joints and in the heart

Question 4

What is direct transmission versus indirect transmission?

Answer 4

Direct:contact, faecal oral, droplet, airborne
Indirect: contact, vector, transfusion

Question 5

How does HIV attack?

Answer 5

Gp120 binds CD4 on Helper T cells
Ccr5 facilitates entry
Reverse transcriptase
RNAaseH cleaves vRNA from vDNA
Integrase incorporates vDNA into host cell DNA
viral RNA is transcribed and translated, bud off
T cell protease trims and organises enzymes
Cells die by budding off or adaptive immune response

Question 6

What drugs are used for HIV?

Answer 6

enfurvitide
tenofovir
raltegravir
atazanavir