Activate 3 - Chapter B1 - Genetics & Inheritance

Question 1

Allele

Answer 1

An allele is a different/alternate form of a gene.

Question 2

Dominant

Answer 2

A dominant allele will always be expressed if it is present.

Question 3

Recessive

Answer 3

A recessive allele will only be expressed if two copies are present.

Question 4

Punnet Square

Answer 4

A diagram used to show the possible combinations of alleles inherited from the parents.

Question 5

Genetically Inherited Disorder

Answer 5

A condition passed from parents to their offspring in their genes.

Question 6

Carrier

Answer 6

A person who has one copy of a dominant allele, and one copy of a recessive allele. A carrier only has the characteristics of the dominant allele.

Question 7

Selective Breeding

Answer 7

Breeding organisms to produce offspring with the desired characteristics.

Question 8

Genetic Engineering

Answer 8

A technique where scientists insert foreign genes into organisms to change their characteristics.

Question 9

Clone

Answer 9

An organism that is GENETICALLY IDENTICAL to its parent.

Question 10

Asexual reproduction

Answer 10

Reproduction using only one parent.

Question 11

Variation

Answer 11

The presence of differences between living things of the same species is called VARIATION.

Question 12

Chromosomes

Answer 12

Chromosomes are structures in the nucleus that consists of DNA.

Question 13

Genes

Answer 13

Genes are lengths of DNA that codes for one characteristic. There are hundreds of gene on one chromosome.

Question 14

DNA

Answer 14

A strand of genes. (DNA is a long strand of genetic code. DNA is divided up into chromosomes. People have 46 chromosomes (23 pairs). Chromosomes contain a hundreds of different genes. Each gene is made of a small section of DNA.)

Question 15

Nucleus

Answer 15

The part of the cell which holds the CHROMOSOMES.

Question 16

Cells

Answer 16

The building blocks of a human being.

Question 17

How many CHROMOSOMES are in the human body?

Answer 17

46 (23 pairs)

Question 18

Homozygous Alleles

Answer 18

If an individual has 2 alleles THE SAME (e.g. BB, tt etc) this is called HOMOZYGOUS ALLELES.

Question 19

Heterozygous Alleles

Answer 19

If an individual have 2 DIFFERENT ALLELES (e.g Bb, Tt etc) this is called HETEROZYGOUS ALLELES.

Question 20

What are genes made out of?

Answer 20

Protein

Question 21

How do we represent the Dominant Allele?

Answer 21

A DOMINANT ALLELE is always a CAPITAL LETTER

Question 22

Why do people do Genetic Engineering?

Answer 22

To modify organisms potentially for better like Golden Rice

Question 23

Pros of Genetic Engineering

Answer 23

• Increases Crop Yield
• Produces Crops with Specific Characteristics
• Quicker than Selective Breeding
• Can produce Medicinal Drugs

Question 24

Cons For Genetic Engineering

Answer 24

• beta carotene levels in golden rice may not be high enough to make a difference
• there are fears that it will cross-breed with and contaminate wild rice
• there are concerns that food from GM plants might harm people
• seed for GM plants can be expensive
• Animal Cruelty