Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

02. Cardiovascular System > ACS + AMI therapy - clinical pharmacology > Flashcards

ACS + AMI therapy - clinical pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 ACS?

A

unstable angineNSTEMISTEMIsudden cardiac death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what can unstable angina lead to?

A

STEMINSTEMIsudden cardiac death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what can NSTEMI lead to?

A

sudden cardiac deathSTEMI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what can STEMI lead to?

A

sudden cardiac death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the general aims of pharmacotherapy of acs?

A

increase myocardial oxygen suppledecrease myocardial oxygen demand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the ways that myocardial oxygen demand can be decreased (and so manipulated for pharmacotherapy of ACS)?

A

decrease HRdecrease BPdecrease preload or myocardial contractility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the ways that myocardial oxygen supply can be increased (and so manipulated for pharmacotherapy of ACS)?

A

through coronary vasodilation (thrombolysis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the most common cause of STEMI and how any patients are seen to have this on an angiogram?

A

coronary thrombus formation (on atheromatous plaque)90% show evidence of this

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

if PCI is unable to be performed within 2 hourse of a STEMI what is the treatment?

A

thrombolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the most common thrombolysis drugs used today and how do they work?

A

serine proteases. work by converting natural plasminogen into plasmin this breaks down fibrin and fibrinogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

which fibrinolytic agents are used in thrombolytic treatment of STEMI?

A

alteplase, reteplase, tenecteplase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

which non-fibrinolytic agents are used in thrombolytic treatment of STEMI?

A

streptokinase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the contraindications of thrombolysis in STEMI?

A

-Prior intracranial hemorrhage (ICH)-Known structural cerebral vascular lesion-Known malignant intracranial neoplasm-Ischaemic stroke within 3 months-Suspected aortic dissection-Active bleeding or bleeding diathesis (excluding menses)-Significant closed-head trauma or facial trauma within 3 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is bleeding diathesis?

A

a condition in which there is an unusual susceptibility or predisposition to bleeding.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

giving thrombolysis treatment along with what decreases the chance of mortality?

A

aspirin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

which drugs are used in the treatment of ACS that isn’t STEMI?

A

AspirinTigagrelor (or Clopidogrel)Fondaparinux/LMW heparinIntravenous nitrateAnalgesiaBeta Blockersothers:prasugrelGIIbIIIa receptor blockersStatins

17
Q

what is the action of IV nitrate?

A

vasodilator to improve perfusion of myocardium

18
Q

which analgesics are used in the treatment of NSTEMI and unstable angina

A

opiates

19
Q

what is the action of fondaparinux?

A

reduces vasospasm

20
Q

what is the action of prasugrel?

A

platelet inhibitor

21
Q

what is the action of GIIbIIIa receptor blockers?

A

prevent platelet aggregation and thrombus formation

22
Q

which treatments are used to reduces the risk from NSTEMI?

A

PCI or CABGAspirinClopidogrel, prasugrel, ticagrelor, ticlopidine or cilostazolHeparin (LMWH)FondaparinuxGIIb/IIIa receptor blockersStatinsB blockers

23
Q

what is clopidogrel always used with?

A

aspirin

24
Q

what is clopidogrel being replaced by and why?

A

ticagrelor, there is a proportion of the population who do not respond to clopidogrel

25
Q

what is the advantage of prasugrel over clopidogrel?

A

prasugrel inhibits ADP–induced platelet aggregation more rapidly, more consistently

26
Q

which low molecular weight heparin drugs are used to treat ACS?

A

EnoxaparinDalteparinTinzeparinFondaparinux

27
Q

what is thrombocytopenia?

A

low levels of platelets in the bood

28
Q

give an example of a GIIb/IIIa Receptor Blocker?

A

tirofiban

29
Q

what are the risks with using tirofiban (a GIIb/IIIa Receptor Blocker) with heparin?

A

-thrombocytopenia-bleeding

30
Q

when are Beta blockers used in the treatment of MI?

A
  1. in the treatment of acute MI2. also in the secondary prevention of acute MI
31
Q

which beta blockers are given immediately after an acute MI?

A

IV atenolol or metoprolol

32
Q

when are beta blockers given as a preventative measure, and how are they administered?

A

weeks or months post MI, given orally

33
Q

when are beta blockers contraindicated post-MI?

A

-if the patient is close to cardiogenic shock-coronary vasospasm-cocaine use

34
Q

what the signs of a patient developing cardiogenic shock?

A

heart rate >110 beats/minsystolic blood pressure < 120 mmHg(usually age >70 years old)

02. Cardiovascular System (72 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions