Acronyms and classification tools

Question 1

LMNOP? What’s it for?

Answer 1

Treating Acute pulmonary oedema.
L= lasix
M= morphine
N= nitrate
O= oxygen
P= sit up

Question 2

I get smashed? what is it for?

Answer 2

Pancreatitis
I= idiopathic
G= gallstones
E= ethanol
T= trauma
S= steroids
M= mumps
A= autoimmune
S= scorpion/spider bites
H= hyperlipidemia
E= ERCP= endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
D= Drugs (incretin based drugs DPP4 inhibitors GLP analogues)

Question 3

MAD HATTER? what is it for?

Answer 3

Congestive cardiac failure exacerbation= APO
M= myocardial infarction
A= anemia
D= drugs, high salt diet
H= hypertension
A= arrhythmia
T= thyrotoxicosis
T=toxins like infection
E= emboli or endocarditis
R= renal failure or ruptured placenta

Question 4

what is the ABCDE for CXR in heart failure?

Answer 4

On CXR, we are looking for:
A- Alveolar oedema
B- Kerley B lines
C- Cardiomegaly
D- Pulmonary vasculature dilation
E- Pleural effusion

Question 5

BAD? what is it used for?

Answer 5

Pharmacological treatment of chronic heart failure.
B= beta blocker
A= Ace inhibitor/ ARB
D= diuretic (frusemide/spironolactone)

Question 6

DRSABCEDEFG

Answer 6

Danger
Response
Send for help
Airway
Breathing
Circulation/cardio
Disability
Environment
(don't ever forget glucose)

Question 7

What does ACT stand for?

Answer 7

treatment of hypertension. Ace inhibitor, calcium channel blocker and thiazide

Question 8

British airways international airways

Answer 8

4 causes of hypokalemia-

Beta agonists, aldosterone, insulin, alkalosis

Question 9

CHADS2 VASC score?

Answer 9

Congestive heart failure 1 point
Hypertension 1 point
Age > 75 1 point
Diabetes 1 point
Stroke/TIA event 2 points
Vascular disease 1point
Age 65-75 2points
Female sex 1 point

Question 10

CHILD PUGH score? what factors do we look at?

Answer 10

encephalopathy, ascites, INR, bilirubin, albumin

Question 11

Glasgow coma score?

Answer 11

Testing best motor responses, verbal response and eye opening. 14-15= mild injury;

Question 12

AVPU? what does it stand for and what is it used for?

Answer 12

Alert
Voice
Pain
Unconscious
Quick assessment for GCS

Question 13

PEARL

Answer 13

Pupils equal and are reactive to light

Question 14

CRAB?

Answer 14

4 features of multiple myelomas:
C=hypercalcemia
R=renal failure
A=anemia
B=bone lesions

Question 15

PIRATES?

Answer 15

Causes of new onset AF
	• Pneumonia
	• Ischaemic heart disease (ACS)
	• Rheumatic heart disease/ valvular disease
	• Anaemia
	• Thyroid disease
	• Electrolyte disorders
	• Sepsis

Question 16

CURB 65 score for pneumonia

Answer 16

CURB 65 score
C : confusion present (abbreviated mental test score 7 mmol/L
R : respiratory rate >30/min
B : systolic BP 65
Give each 1 point. If 2= admit to hospital; 4-5= ICU care

Question 17

ESCAPPM?

Answer 17

Acronym for the bacterial organisms that initially are susceptible to cephalosporins but have inducible cephalosporinase. 
E= enterobacter
S= serratia
C= citriobacter
A= acinetobacter
P= proteus
P= providentia
M= morganella

Question 18

SOAP BRAIN MD?

Answer 18

11 criteria for SLE- 4 out 11 is a diagnosis for SLE. These 4 symptoms do not need to occur simultaneously to each other
- Think SOAP BRAIN MD
S- serositis
O- oral ulcers
A- arthritis
P- photosensitivity

B- Blood disorders
R- renal involvement
A-anti nuclear antibodies
I-immunological- anti smith, anti ds dna antibodies
N- neurological involvement

M- malar rash
D- discoid rash

Question 19

CLOTS?

Answer 19

Referring to autoantibodies in antiphospholipid syndrome. Autoantibodies= anticardiolipin and lupus anticoagulant

C- coagulation defect–> overall thrombotic effect
L- livedo reticularis
O- obstetric- recurrent miscarriages
T- thrombocytopenia

Question 20

TORCH?

Answer 20

TORCH infections for vertical transmission from mother to baby during birth
T= toxoplasma
O= other e.g. VZV, syphillis, chlamydia
R= Rubella
C= CMV
H= Herpes simplex

Question 21

how do we define sepsis?

Answer 21

Sepsis=
Clinical evidence of infection- chest IV site, wound etc

Plus 2 or more of:
Temperature > 38.5 or 1000
Respiratory rate > 25
WCC > 14000

Question 22

how do we define severe sepsis?

Answer 22

Severe sepsis = sepsis plus
Organ dysfunction (acute kidney injury, confusion)
Impaired tissue perfusion (increased serum lactate level)

Question 23

how do we define septic shock?

Answer 23

Septic shock= severe sepsis plus

Systolic BP

Question 24

AEIOU

Answer 24

Indications for emergency dialysis:
A- acidosis
e- electrolyte disturbances esp. potassium
I- ingestions of salicylate and ethylene glycol
O- overload such as volume overload
U- uremia i.e. confusion, pericarditis, seizures

Question 25

CREST syndrome?

Answer 25

For limited Scleroderma.
C- calcified nodules
R- raynauds phenomenon
E- esophageal dysfunction
S- sclerodactyly
T- telangiectasias