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Sociology > Acquiring Culture > Flashcards

Acquiring Culture Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Social construction

A

An idea created by humans and given special meaning e.g. gender

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2
Q

Norms

A

Expected behaviours for a culture

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3
Q

Values

A

Basic rules shared by most in a culture

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4
Q

Roles

A

(Expected) positions in society

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5
Q

Status

A

Someone’s position in the hierarchy of society

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6
Q

Beliefs

A

Values and morals about society and how to act

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7
Q

Collectivist culture

A

A culture that sees the needs of the group as more important than the individual e.g. china

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8
Q

Individualist culture

A

A culture that sees personal liberty as most important e.g. USA

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9
Q

Material culture

A

Elements of culture we can touch e.g. clothes

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10
Q

Non-material culture

A

The parts of a culture we cannot touch e.g. language or beliefs

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11
Q

Formal control

A

Institutions to enforce cultural beliefs e.g. police or school

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12
Q

Informal control

A

Moral codes of conduct that are internalised by means of side eye etc

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13
Q

Subculture

A

A culture that isn’t a part of mainstream culture and not connected to a geographic region but normally a group of people e.g. queer culture

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14
Q

Innate

A

Abilities within us

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15
Q

Nativism

A

The belief that all behaviours are inherently within us and predisposed by genetics

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16
Q

Nature theories

A

Human behaviour is prompted by biology

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17
Q

Biological imperatives

A

Instincts necessary for survival e.g. reproduction and breathing which suggests humans have no control over themselves

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18
Q

Feral children

A

Children who haven’t received proper socialisation e.g. the wolf girl.

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19
Q

Socialisation

A

The process by which one learns acceptable cultural beliefs and behaviours

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20
Q

Primary socialisation

A

Learning norms and values from your immediate family unit

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21
Q

Secondary socialisation

A

Learning norms and values as a child from wider society through agents of socialisation as a child

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22
Q

Agents of socialisation

A

Institutions that instill norms and values e.g. education media religion etc

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23
Q

Tertiary socialisation

A

Socialisation we acquire as adults when entering a new environment e.g. a new job

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24
Q

Habitus (who said it)

A

Learnt social behaviours from family that allows someone to maintain the same social class in which they were born into (Bourdieu)

25
Q

Imitation

A

Where children see behaviour and model it

26
Q

Role models

A

People children will copy

27
Q

Sanctions

A

Punishment for doing badly, praise for doing well

28
Q

Expectations

A

Things that are expected from children

29
Q

Peer group

A

A group of people who are of the same age and social standing to oneself

30
Q

Peer pressure

A

Where people modify their behaviour in order to fit in with their peers

31
Q

Parental faith

A

Children have little choice but to follow beliefs of their parents which shapes their own

32
Q

Hypodermic syringe model

A

Media exists as information planted directly into ones brain

33
Q

Instrument role (who said it)

A

The father brings in the money to a family (parsons)

34
Q

Expressive role (who said it)

A

The woman looks after the home and the family (parsons)

35
Q

Identity

A

The sense of who we are and our place in the world

36
Q

Primary identity

A

Our sense of self

37
Q

Secondary identity

A

The roles we play in society

38
Q

Significant other

A

A person or group who has a significant influence on our life

39
Q

Generalised other

A

Recognising the expectations and attitudes of those around us

40
Q

“Other”

A

What we aren’t e.g. men rejecting femininity

41
Q

Ascribed status

A

Status you are born into

42
Q

Achieved status

A

Status you got through hard work

43
Q

Sex

A

Your biological sex assigned at birth e.g. male/female

44
Q

Gender

A

The gender identity that fits you e.g. man/woman/non binary

45
Q

Manipulation (who said it)

A

Discourage inappropriate behaviour e.g. boys don’t cry (Oakley, feminist)

46
Q

Canalisation

A

Boys and girls being channelled into “appropriate” activities e.g. boys play with mechano girls play with barbie

47
Q

Verbal appellations

A

Girls are given nicknames based on looks e.g. angel or princess but boys on aggression e.g. little monster

48
Q

Different activities

A

Girls are taken to dance classes boys to play football

49
Q

Social power

A

The influence an organisation has over society

50
Q

Formal curriculum

A

Information taught in lessons intentionally e.g. what’s set by the exam board

51
Q

Informal curriculum

A

Curriculum that is taught accidentally or implied like a lack of women in textbooks outside of traditional roles or use of verbal appellations in the classroom.

52
Q

Cultural capital

A

Middle class families putting a lot of importance on the value of education

53
Q

Collective conscience

A

Impossible to have any social life without a shared set of values

54
Q

Copycat behaviour

A

Copying the behaviour of those on TV

55
Q

Canteen culture

A

Adopting the culture of your place of work e.g. a very misogynistic metropolitan police force

56
Q

McDonaldsisation of work

A

Encouraging you to work without your brain

57
Q

Extreme nationalism

A

Proud of your nationality to the point of creating divisions within society

58
Q

Civic nationalism

A

Being proud of your country to bring people together

Sociology (12 decks)

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