Acquiring Culture

Question 1

Social construction

Answer 1

An idea created by humans and given special meaning e.g. gender

Question 2

Norms

Answer 2

Expected behaviours for a culture

Question 3

Values

Answer 3

Basic rules shared by most in a culture

Question 4

Roles

Answer 4

(Expected) positions in society

Question 5

Status

Answer 5

Someone’s position in the hierarchy of society

Question 6

Beliefs

Answer 6

Values and morals about society and how to act

Question 7

Collectivist culture

Answer 7

A culture that sees the needs of the group as more important than the individual e.g. china

Question 8

Individualist culture

Answer 8

A culture that sees personal liberty as most important e.g. USA

Question 9

Material culture

Answer 9

Elements of culture we can touch e.g. clothes

Question 10

Non-material culture

Answer 10

The parts of a culture we cannot touch e.g. language or beliefs

Question 11

Formal control

Answer 11

Institutions to enforce cultural beliefs e.g. police or school

Question 12

Informal control

Answer 12

Moral codes of conduct that are internalised by means of side eye etc

Question 13

Subculture

Answer 13

A culture that isn’t a part of mainstream culture and not connected to a geographic region but normally a group of people e.g. queer culture

Question 14

Innate

Answer 14

Abilities within us

Question 15

Nativism

Answer 15

The belief that all behaviours are inherently within us and predisposed by genetics

Question 16

Nature theories

Answer 16

Human behaviour is prompted by biology

Question 17

Biological imperatives

Answer 17

Instincts necessary for survival e.g. reproduction and breathing which suggests humans have no control over themselves

Question 18

Feral children

Answer 18

Children who haven’t received proper socialisation e.g. the wolf girl.

Question 19

Socialisation

Answer 19

The process by which one learns acceptable cultural beliefs and behaviours

Question 20

Primary socialisation

Answer 20

Learning norms and values from your immediate family unit

Question 21

Secondary socialisation

Answer 21

Learning norms and values as a child from wider society through agents of socialisation as a child

Question 22

Agents of socialisation

Answer 22

Institutions that instill norms and values e.g. education media religion etc

Question 23

Tertiary socialisation

Answer 23

Socialisation we acquire as adults when entering a new environment e.g. a new job

Question 24

Habitus (who said it)

Answer 24

Learnt social behaviours from family that allows someone to maintain the same social class in which they were born into (Bourdieu)

Question 25

Imitation

Answer 25

Where children see behaviour and model it

Question 26

Role models

Answer 26

People children will copy

Question 27

Sanctions

Answer 27

Punishment for doing badly, praise for doing well

Question 28

Expectations

Answer 28

Things that are expected from children

Question 29

Peer group

Answer 29

A group of people who are of the same age and social standing to oneself

Question 30

Peer pressure

Answer 30

Where people modify their behaviour in order to fit in with their peers

Question 31

Parental faith

Answer 31

Children have little choice but to follow beliefs of their parents which shapes their own

Question 32

Hypodermic syringe model

Answer 32

Media exists as information planted directly into ones brain

Question 33

Instrument role (who said it)

Answer 33

The father brings in the money to a family (parsons)

Question 34

Expressive role (who said it)

Answer 34

The woman looks after the home and the family (parsons)

Question 35

Identity

Answer 35

The sense of who we are and our place in the world

Question 36

Primary identity

Answer 36

Our sense of self

Question 37

Secondary identity

Answer 37

The roles we play in society

Question 38

Significant other

Answer 38

A person or group who has a significant influence on our life

Question 39

Generalised other

Answer 39

Recognising the expectations and attitudes of those around us

Question 40

"Other"

Answer 40

What we aren't e.g. men rejecting femininity

Question 41

Ascribed status

Answer 41

Status you are born into

Question 42

Achieved status

Answer 42

Status you got through hard work

Question 43

Sex

Answer 43

Your biological sex assigned at birth e.g. male/female

Question 44

Gender

Answer 44

The gender identity that fits you e.g. man/woman/non binary

Question 45

Manipulation (who said it)

Answer 45

Discourage inappropriate behaviour e.g. boys don't cry (Oakley, feminist)

Question 46

Canalisation

Answer 46

Boys and girls being channelled into "appropriate" activities e.g. boys play with mechano girls play with barbie

Question 47

Verbal appellations

Answer 47

Girls are given nicknames based on looks e.g. angel or princess but boys on aggression e.g. little monster

Question 48

Different activities

Answer 48

Girls are taken to dance classes boys to play football

Question 49

Social power

Answer 49

The influence an organisation has over society

Question 50

Formal curriculum

Answer 50

Information taught in lessons intentionally e.g. what's set by the exam board

Question 51

Informal curriculum

Answer 51

Curriculum that is taught accidentally or implied like a lack of women in textbooks outside of traditional roles or use of verbal appellations in the classroom.

Question 52

Cultural capital

Answer 52

Middle class families putting a lot of importance on the value of education

Question 53

Collective conscience

Answer 53

Impossible to have any social life without a shared set of values

Question 54

Copycat behaviour

Answer 54

Copying the behaviour of those on TV

Question 55

Canteen culture

Answer 55

Adopting the culture of your place of work e.g. a very misogynistic metropolitan police force

Question 56

McDonaldsisation of work

Answer 56

Encouraging you to work without your brain

Question 57

Extreme nationalism

Answer 57

Proud of your nationality to the point of creating divisions within society

Question 58

Civic nationalism

Answer 58

Being proud of your country to bring people together