ACL Injury Flashcards

1
Q

Where do both the cruciate ligaments originate?

A

Intercondylar notch
(groove between the two condyles)

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2
Q

Where do the ACL and PCL originate?

A

ACL- Lateral aspect

PCL- Medial aspect

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3
Q

What do the ACL and PCL do?

A

ACL- prevents anterior dislocation

PCL- prevents posterior dislocation

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4
Q

How is the ACL typically damaged?

A

Twisting injury

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5
Q

What symptoms suggest ACL injury?

A

Pain

Rapid swelling

Pop sound

Instability or giving way

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6
Q

Why can the knee buckle with ACL injury?

A

Tibia can move anteriorly below femur

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7
Q

What can over time if ACL injuries are not repaired?

A

Muscle weakness
Increased risk of other knee injury

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8
Q

What tests are used for diagnosis ACL damage on examination?

A

Anterior Drawer Test

Lachman Test

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9
Q

What is the first line imaging investigation for ACL injury?

A

MRI

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10
Q

What is the gold-standard investigation for diagnosis of cruciate ligament tear?

A

Arthroscopy

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11
Q

What is the conservative management of ACL injury?

A

RICE

Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation

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12
Q

What is the first-line analgesia in MSK injury?

A

NSAIDs e.g. ibuprofen or naproxen

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13
Q

What may be used to protect the knee when mobilising?

A

Crutches

Knee braces

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14
Q

What usually happens in arthroscopic surgery?

A

Ligament reconstruction using a graft of another tendon

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15
Q

What tendons can be used as grafts for ACL reconstruction?

A

Hamstring
Quadriceps
Bone-patellar tendon-bone (taking part of the bone too)

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16
Q

What type of fracture is a classical feature of ACL injury?

A

Segond fracture (bony avulsion of lateral proximal tibia)

17
Q

What is a complication of both ACL injury and reconstruction?

A

Post-traumatic osteoarthritis