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IP Y4 Chemistry > Acids, Bases & Salts > Flashcards

Acids, Bases & Salts Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an Arrhenius acid?

A

A substance that ionises in water to produce hydrogen ions

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2
Q

What is an Arrhenius base?

A

A substances that ionises in water to produce hydroxide ions

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3
Q

Limitations of Arrhenius theory (2)

A

It does not explain reactions that don’t involve water

It does not explain how ammonia produces hydroxide ions in water

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4
Q

Bronsted-Lowry acid

A

A substance that can donate a proton

Cue: HCl can donate H+

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5
Q

Bronsted-Lowry base

A

A substance that can accept a proton

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6
Q

Conjugate acids/bases

A

BL acid becomes conjugate base

BL base becomes conjugate acid

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7
Q

Limitation of Bronsted-Lowry theory

A

Does not explain reactions that do not involve hydrogen

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8
Q

Lewis acid

A

A substance that accepts an electron pair

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9
Q

Lewis base

A

A substance that donates an electron pair

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10
Q

Limitation of Lewis theory

A

Cannot explain reactions that do not involve dative bonding

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11
Q

What is pH?

A

A measure of the amount of free hydrogen or hydroxide ions thus reflecting the acidity or alkalinity of a solution

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12
Q

What is the basicity of an acid?

A

The number of moles of hydrogen ions produced when one mole of the acid molecules dissolve in water

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13
Q

Relationship between base & alkali

A

Alkalis are soluble bases

AKA soluble metal oxides & hydroxides

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14
Q

What are neutral oxides?

A

Some non-metallic oxides

E.g. H2O, CO, NO

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15
Q

What are acidic oxides?

A

Most non-metallic oxides

E.g. SO2, NO2, CO2

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16
Q

What are basic oxides?

A

All metallic oxides

E.g. CaO, K2O, MgO, CuO

17
Q

What are amphoteric oxides?

A

Al2O3, ZnO, PbO

18
Q

Definition of a salt

A

An ionic compound consisting of a cation and an anion

19
Q

Preparing an insoluble salt

A

Use precipitation

2 soluble salts –> Insoluble salt

20
Q

Acid + reactive metal –>

A

Salt + hydrogen

21
Q

Acid + carbonate/hydrogen carbonate –>

A

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

22
Q

Acid + metal oxides/hydroxides –>

A

Salt + water

23
Q

Effect of acids on litmus paper

A

Blue –> Red

24
Q

Effect of alkalis on litmus paper

A

Red –> Blue

25
Q

Alkalis + ammonium salts –>

A

Salt + water + ammonia

26
Q

Alkalis + salt –>

A

Salt + metal hydroxide

27
Q

Preparing a soluble salt

A
  1. Acid with insoluble less reactive metal/base/carbonate

2. Acid with alkali titration (for more reactive metals)

28
Q

What salts are prepared by titration?

A

Sodium, potassium, ammonium salts

29
Q

How to prepare ammonium salt?

A

Ammonium compound + alkali

IP Y4 Chemistry (15 decks)

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