Acids, Bases, and Solutions Flashcards
1
Q
Solution
A
- a mixture of two or
more substances that is uniform at
the molecular level
2
Q
Alloy
A
a solution of two or more
soilds.
3
Q
Solvent
A
- the component of a
solution that is present in the
greatest amount
4
Q
Solute
A
- any component of a
solution other than the solvent
5
Q
Dissolve
A
- to separate and
disperse a solid into individual
molecules or ions in the presence
of a solvent.
6
Q
Solubility
A
the amount of solute that can be dissolved in a specific volume of solvent under certain conditions. For example, 200 grams of sugar can be dissolved in 100 milliliters of water at 25°C.
7
Q
Insoluble
A
a substance is
insoluble in a particular solvent if it
does not dissolve in that solvent.
8
Q
Saturated
A
a solution is
saturated if it contains as much
solute as the solvent can dissolve.
9
Q
Concentration
A
- the ratio of solute to solvent in a solution. For example, a 10% sugar solution contains 10 g of sugar for every 90 g of water.
10
Q
Equilibrium
A
- occurs when a solution has the maximum concentration of dissolved solute; the dissolving rate equals the rate at which molecules come out of solution (un-dissolve)
11
Q
Supersaturated
A
- a
concentration greater than the
maximum solubility.
12
Q
Polar
A
- describes a molecule that
has charge separation, like water.
13
Q
Acid
A
a substance that produces
hydronium ions (H3O+) when
dissolved in water. Acids have a
pH less than 7.
14
Q
Base
A
- a substance that produces
hydroxide ions (OH -) when
dissolved in water. Bases have a
pH greater than 7.
15
Q
pH
A
pH measures the acidity of a
solution
