Acids, Bases, and Salts

Question 1

What are the properties of acids?

Answer 1

Conduct electricity in Aq solutions (depending on the degree of ionization).
Will react with metals more active than H to liberate the H.
Change the color of indicators.
Neutralize with bases to form a salt and water.
React with carbonates to release carbon dioxide. (H2CO3 –> H2O + CO2)

Question 2

What are strong acids?

Answer 2

HClO3, HClO4, HNO3, HCl, H2SO4, HI, and HBr

Question 3

What are the properties of bases?

Answer 3

Conduct electricity in Aq solutions (depending on the degree of ionization).
Change the color of indicators.
Neutralize with bases to form a salt and water.
Aq solutions feel slipper and stronger bases = corrosive to skin.

Question 4

What are strong bases?

Answer 4

Group 1 hydroxides

Question 5

What are the 3 acid/base theories?

Answer 5

Arrhenius’, Brønsted-Lowry’s, and Lewis’

Question 6

What are Arrhenius acids?

Answer 6

H+ or H3O+ producers

Question 7

What are Arrhenius bases?

Answer 7

OH- producers

Question 8

What are Brønsted-Lowry acids?

Answer 8

Proton donors

Question 9

What are Brønsted-Lowry bases?

Answer 9

Proton acceptors

Question 10

What are Lewis acids?

Answer 10

Electron pair acceptors

Question 11

What are Lewis bases?

Answer 11

Electron pair donors

Question 12

What are conjugate acids and bases?

Answer 12

Acids turn into conjugate bases and bases into conjugate acids. (This is part of Brønsted-Lowry theory)

Question 13

What does a stronger acid/base entail for the conjugate?

Answer 13

It is weaker meaning that the dissociations go to completion.

Question 14

pH formula

Answer 14

pH = -log[H+]

Question 15

pOH formula

Answer 15

pOH = -log[OH-]

Question 16

pH from pOH

Answer 16

pH + pOH = 14.00

Question 17

What are buffer solutions?

Answer 17

Equilibrium systems that resist change in acidity and maintain constant pH when acid or base is added to them.

Question 18

How are buffer solutions prepared in the lab?

Answer 18

Mixing equal molar quantities of a weak acid and its salt.

Question 19

What are salts?

Answer 19

Ionic compounds with a non-H+ cation and a non-OH- anion.

Question 20

What are the 5 methods to prepare salts?

Answer 20

Neutralization reactions.
Single replacement reactions.
Double replacement reactions.
The reaction of a metallic oxide with a nonmetallic oxide (basically the synthesis of these).

Question 21

What are amphoteric substances?

Answer 21

They act like acids in the presence of a strong base and act like bases in the presence of a strong acid.

Question 22

How is acid rain formed?

Answer 22

Sulfur or nitrogen oxides combine with atmospheric moisture to yield their respective acids which rain down.

Question 23

Methyl Orange

Answer 23

Color change pH: 3.1-4.4
Below lower: Red
Above higher: yellow

Question 24

Bromthymol blue

Answer 24

Color change pH: 6.0-7.6
Below lower: Yellow
Above higher: Blue

Question 25

Litmus

Answer 25

Color change pH: 2.5-8.3
Below lower: Red
Above higher: Blue

Question 26

Phenolphthalein

Answer 26

Color change pH: 8.3-10.0
Below lower: Colorless
Above higher: Pink