Acids Bases And Salts

Question 1

What are acids

Answer 1

Any substance that forms an aqueous solution with a pH less than 7
- acids release H+ ions in water, forming an acidic solution

Question 2

What are bases

Answer 2

Any substance with a pH greater than 7

Question 3

What are alkalis

Answer 3

Bases that are soluble in water to form a solution with a pH greater than 7
- they form OH- ions in water

Question 4

What are neutralization reactions

Answer 4

Reacting an acid and base together
- always produces a salt and water
Sodium chloride + hydrochloric acid —> sodium chloride + water
HCL + NaOH —> NaCl + H2O

• H+ + OH- —> H2O
  The pH of the product is always neutral

Question 5

Most common acids

Answer 5

Hydrochloric acid: HCL
Sulfuric acid: H2SO4
Nitric acid: HNO3

Question 6

Most common bases

Answer 6

Either metal oxides, hydroxides or carbonates
Sodium hydroxide: NaOH
Calcium carbonate: CaCO3

Question 7

What salts are produced from neutralization

Answer 7

Hydrochloric acid forms chlorides
Nitric acid forms nitrates
Sulfuric acid produces sulfates

Question 8

How are ammonium salts produced

Answer 8

Ammonia NH3 is dissolved in salt to form an alkaline solution. It is used to produce ammonium salts

Question 9

How is calcium carbonate formed

Answer 9

A solution of calcium hydroxide in water (limewater) reacts with carbon dioxide to form calcium carbonate