Acids, Bases, Alkalis, Salts Flashcards
When acids react with an alkali what happens?
Neutrallisation: Acid + Alkali > Salt + Water.
When acids react what happens to their atoms?
They donate one H+ ion, hydrogen ion.
What colour does acid turn universal indicator?
Red, orange or yellow.
What colour does acid turn blue litmus paper?
Red
When they react what happens to hydrogen?
It turns from an atom:
H(1,1) one proton, one electron and no neutrons.
To an ion:
H(1,1) one proton, no electrons and no neutrons.
What is hydrogen after the reaction?
A proton. (Positive ion)
What is the ph number of acids?
1 to 6
Are acids corrosive?
Yes
Give three examples of acids.
Vinegar, Lemons, Car Batteries.
What do all acids contain?
Hydrogen
What is HNO(3)?
Nitric Acid
What is H(2)SO(4)?
Sulphuric Acid
What is HCL?
Hydrochloric acid.
What happens to Nitric Acid in a reaction?
Loses 1 hydrogen ion.
What happens to Sulphuric Acid in a reaction?
Loses 2 hydrogen ions.
What happens to Hydrochloric acid in a reaction?
Loses 3 hydrogen ions.
Acid is what?
A compound that contains hydrogen and releases hydrogen ions in water.
Acids taste what?
Sour
What is the main danger of acid?
It can burn your skin.
What happens when acids react with metals?
They produce hydrogen gas as the acid dissolves the metal material.
What are Bases in chemistry?
They are compounds that contain an oxygen-hydrogen combination called a hydroxide.
When placed in water what happens?
The hydroxide forms hydroxide ions OH-
Bases feel….?
Soapy
Bases taste…?
Bitter
Examples of Bases?
Clearing drains.
The danger of Bases?
Can dissolve hair and food?
Acid and Alkali ->?
Salt solution + water
e.g HCL + NaOH -> NaCL + H(2)O
Acid and Base >?
Salt solution + water
e.g H(2)SO(4) + CuO -> CuSO(4) + H(2)O
Acid and Metal?
Metal above coppers reactivity but not copper.
Salt solution + hydrogen
2HCL + Zn -> ZnCL(2) + H(2)
Acid and Metal carbonate?
Metal above coppers reactivity but not copper.
Salt solution + water + carbondioxide?
2HCL + CaCO(3) -> CaCl(2) + H(2)O + CO(2)
Hydrochloric acid = salt name and symbol.
Chloride Salts, HCL
Sulphuric Acid = salt name and symbol.
Sulphate Salts, H(2)SO(4)
Nitric Acid = salt name and symbol.
Nitrate Salts, HNO(3)
Phosphoric acid = salt name and symbol.
Phosphate Salts, H(3)PO(4)
Ethanoic acid = salt name and symbol.
Ethanoate salts, CH(3)COOH
What states are the acids and salts usually?
Aquos, Water dissolved.
What would you feel and see if you touched a test-tube full of acid and a reaction taking place?
Heat, Fizzing.
What is the reaction between an acid and an alkali called?
Neutralisation
Alkalis/Bases: What do they gain when they react?
Hydrogen Proton Ion.
What is the difference between Alkalis and Bases?
Alkalis are Soluble Bases.
Alkalis are bases, but not all bases are alkalis.
What is alkalis/bases PH?
8 to 4
What is Alkalis/bases universal indicator colour?
Blue or Purple.