2 - Test: Bonding, Structure, Seperation, Testing Flashcards

1
Q

What do compounds with ionic bonding always form?

A

A lattice structure.

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2
Q

Ionic compounds’ melting points are…

A

High - lots of thermal energy required to break strong electrostatic bonds.

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3
Q

Do Ionic compounds conduct electricity?

A

No when solid.

Yes when melted or dissolved in water.

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4
Q

Ionic bonding is the…

A

Transfer of electrons.

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5
Q

Covalent bonding is the…

A

Share of electrons.

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6
Q

Giant Covalent compounds’ melting points are…

A

High - lots of thermal energy required to break strong covalent bonds.

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7
Q

Simple Covalent compounds’ melting points are…

A

Low - weak intermolecular forces of attraction - not much energy required to break.

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8
Q

Does Diamond conduct electricity?

A

No - no free delocalised electrons because all 4 carbon-carbon bonds are in use.

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9
Q

What is diamond’s physical state and why?

A

Hard - rigid lattice structure.

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10
Q

Does Graphite conduct electricity?

A

Yes - one free delocalised electrons since only 3 out of 4 carbon- carbon bonds in use.

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11
Q

What is Graphite’s physical state and why?

A

Soft and slippery because layers are free to slide.

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12
Q

Do Fullerenes have a high melting point?

A

Yes - strong covalent bonds.

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13
Q

What is C-60’s physical state and why?

A

Weak intermolecular forces so can slide and move around.

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14
Q

Does C-60 conduct electricity?

A

Yes but is a poor conductor because the free electron can’t move that much.

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15
Q

What is metallic bonding?

A

Electrostatic attraction between positive ions and delocalised electrons.

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16
Q

Are metals a good conductor of electricity?

A

Yes - delocalised electrons.

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17
Q

Why are metals malleable?

A

Have layers that can slide.

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18
Q

Cations

A

Positive ions

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19
Q

Anions

A

Negative Ions

20
Q

Flame Tests test for…

A

Metal Ions

21
Q

Why do we use a platinum wire in a flame test?

A

Doesn’t have distinct flame colour

Unreactive.

22
Q

Why do we clean the wire with HCl

A

No contamination.

23
Q

Why do we use a blue flame in a flame test?

A

Easier to see colour

24
Q

Flame test for Lithium =

A

Red

25
Q

Flame test for Sodium =

A

Yellow

26
Q

Flame test for Potassium =

A

Lilac

27
Q

Flame test for Calcium =

A

Orange/Red

28
Q

Flame test for Copper =

A

Blue/Green

29
Q

NaOH test, tests for…

A

Metal Hydroxides (and ammonia)

30
Q

NaOH + Copper

A

Blue precipitate.

31
Q

NaOH + Iron 2

A

Sluggish Green precipitate.

32
Q

NaOH + Iron 3

A

Foxy red/brown

33
Q

NaOH + Ammonia compound

A

Stinky Gas - turns damp red litmus paper blue.

34
Q

Which are the positive tests?

A

Flame
NaOH
(Ammonia)

35
Q

Which are the negative tests?

A

HCl
Barium
Silver Nitrate.

36
Q

HCl test, tests for…

A

Carbonates

37
Q

HCl + Carbonate =

A

CO2 - turns limewater milky.

38
Q

Barium + HCl test, tests for…

A

Sulphate ions

39
Q

Barium + Sulphate (+ HCl)

A

White precipitate.

40
Q

Nitric Acid + Silver Nitrate test, tests for…

A

Hallides (Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine)

41
Q

Nitric Acid + Silver Nitrate + Chloride =

A

White precipitate.

42
Q

Nitric Acid + Silver Nitrate + Bromide =

A

Cream precipitate

43
Q

Nitric Acid + Silver Nitrate + Iodide =

A

Yellow precipitate

44
Q

Simple Distillation separates…

A

Liquid from solution

45
Q

Fractional Distillation separates…

A

Mixture of liquids from solution.