2 - Test: Bonding, Structure, Seperation, Testing Flashcards
What do compounds with ionic bonding always form?
A lattice structure.
Ionic compounds’ melting points are…
High - lots of thermal energy required to break strong electrostatic bonds.
Do Ionic compounds conduct electricity?
No when solid.
Yes when melted or dissolved in water.
Ionic bonding is the…
Transfer of electrons.
Covalent bonding is the…
Share of electrons.
Giant Covalent compounds’ melting points are…
High - lots of thermal energy required to break strong covalent bonds.
Simple Covalent compounds’ melting points are…
Low - weak intermolecular forces of attraction - not much energy required to break.
Does Diamond conduct electricity?
No - no free delocalised electrons because all 4 carbon-carbon bonds are in use.
What is diamond’s physical state and why?
Hard - rigid lattice structure.
Does Graphite conduct electricity?
Yes - one free delocalised electrons since only 3 out of 4 carbon- carbon bonds in use.
What is Graphite’s physical state and why?
Soft and slippery because layers are free to slide.
Do Fullerenes have a high melting point?
Yes - strong covalent bonds.
What is C-60’s physical state and why?
Weak intermolecular forces so can slide and move around.
Does C-60 conduct electricity?
Yes but is a poor conductor because the free electron can’t move that much.
What is metallic bonding?
Electrostatic attraction between positive ions and delocalised electrons.
Are metals a good conductor of electricity?
Yes - delocalised electrons.
Why are metals malleable?
Have layers that can slide.
Cations
Positive ions
Anions
Negative Ions
Flame Tests test for…
Metal Ions
Why do we use a platinum wire in a flame test?
Doesn’t have distinct flame colour
Unreactive.
Why do we clean the wire with HCl
No contamination.
Why do we use a blue flame in a flame test?
Easier to see colour
Flame test for Lithium =
Red
Flame test for Sodium =
Yellow
Flame test for Potassium =
Lilac
Flame test for Calcium =
Orange/Red
Flame test for Copper =
Blue/Green
NaOH test, tests for…
Metal Hydroxides (and ammonia)
NaOH + Copper
Blue precipitate.
NaOH + Iron 2
Sluggish Green precipitate.
NaOH + Iron 3
Foxy red/brown
NaOH + Ammonia compound
Stinky Gas - turns damp red litmus paper blue.
Which are the positive tests?
Flame
NaOH
(Ammonia)
Which are the negative tests?
HCl
Barium
Silver Nitrate.
HCl test, tests for…
Carbonates
HCl + Carbonate =
CO2 - turns limewater milky.
Barium + HCl test, tests for…
Sulphate ions
Barium + Sulphate (+ HCl)
White precipitate.
Nitric Acid + Silver Nitrate test, tests for…
Hallides (Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine)
Nitric Acid + Silver Nitrate + Chloride =
White precipitate.
Nitric Acid + Silver Nitrate + Bromide =
Cream precipitate
Nitric Acid + Silver Nitrate + Iodide =
Yellow precipitate
Simple Distillation separates…
Liquid from solution
Fractional Distillation separates…
Mixture of liquids from solution.
