Acids, Bases, Alkalis and Making Salts Flashcards
1
Q
What reflects the pH level of a solution when an indicator is added?
A
The colour
2
Q
What colour does universal indicator turn in acid?
A
Red, orange, or yellow depending on the strength
3
Q
What colour does universal indicator turn in alkalis?
A
Blue or purple depending on the strength
4
Q
What colour does universal indicator turn in a neutral solution?
A
Green
5
Q
What is the pH of a neutral solution?
A
7
6
Q
What color does blue/red litmus paper turn in acids?
A
Red
7
Q
What color does blue/red litmus paper turn in alkalis?
A
Blue
It remains unchanged in neutral solutions as well.
8
Q
What colour does blue/red litmus paper turn in a neutral solution?
A
It remains unchanged (blue litmus=blue, red litmus=red)
9
Q
What color does methyl orange turn in acids?
A
Red
10
Q
What color does methyl orange turn in alkalis?
A
Yellow
11
Q
What color does methyl orange turn in neutral solutions?
A
Remains orange
12
Q
What color does phenolphthalein turn in alkalis?
A
Dark pink
13
Q
What color does phenolphthalein turn in acids?
A
Remains colourless
14
Q
What color does phenolphthalein turn in a neutral solution?
A
Remains colourless
15
Q
What does a pH scale measure, and what numbers does it range from?
A
How acidic or alkaline a solution is, The scale ranges from 0 to 14.
16
Q
What is the pH value of acids?
A
Less than 7
Strong acids have lower pH values.
17
Q
What is the pH value of alkalis?
A
Greater than 7
Strong alkalis have higher pH values.
18
Q
What does the term ‘aqueous’ indicate?
A
That a chemical is dissolved in water
19
Q
What is an acid?
A
An acid is a H+ ion donor / a proton donor.
20
Q
What element do all acids contain?
A
Acids contain hydrogen.
21
Q
What happens when acids dissolve in water?
A
They produce H+ ions.
22
Q
What characterizes strong acids?
A
They fully dissociate (split/ionise) in water to produce aqueous ions.
23
Q
Show the complete dissociation of HCl.
A
HCl → H+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)
24
Q
List four strong acids.
A
- HCl (Hydrochloric acid)
- H2SO4 (Sulfuric acid)
- HNO3 (Nitric acid)
- H3PO4 (Phosphoric acid)
25
What characterizes weak acids?
They partially dissociate/ionise in water to produce aqueous ions.
26
How do weak acids dissociate in water?
The dissociation is reversible.
27
Provide an example of a weak acid and its dissociation.
CH3COOH ⇌ H+ (aq) + CH3COO- (aq)
28
List two weak acids.
* Ethanoic acid (in vinegar)
* Citric acid
29
What does a concentrated acid mean?
A concentrated acid means there is a lot of solute dissolved in the solvent.
30
True or False: Just because an acid is concentrated means it has to be strong.
False.
31
What is a base?
A base is a H⁺ ion acceptor / a proton acceptor
32
What do bases do to acids?
Bases neutralise acids.
33
Define an alkali.
An alkali is a soluble base.
34
What is the reaction of a base with an acid?
Acid + Base (insoluble) → Salt + Water
## Footnote
Example: OH⁻ + H⁺ → H₂O
35
List two strong alkalis.
* NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide)
* KOH (Potassium Hydroxide)
36
How can you tell if it is a strong alkali?
* Strong alkalis are fully dissociate
* Higher pH
37
List a weak alkali.
* NH₃ (Ammonia)
38
Fill in the blank: An alkali is a base that dissolves in water to form a solution containing _______.
hydroxide ions (OH⁻)
39
What is the chemical formula for hydrochloric acid?
HCl
40
What is the chemical formula for nitric acid?
HNO3
41
What is the chemical formula for sulphuric acid?
H2SO4
42
What is the chemical formula for ethanoic acid?
CH3COOH
43
What is the chemical formula for phosphoric acid?
H3PO4
44
What is the general reaction formula between an acid and an alkali?
acid + alkali → salt + water
45
What are the products of the reaction between nitric acid and sodium oxide?
Sodium nitrate and water
46
What is the charge of a positive ion?
(+)
47
What is the charge of a negative ion?
(-)
48
What are the five 1+ ions to know?
* Na+ Sodium
* K+ Potassium
* Li+ Lithium
* Cu+ Copper (I)
* NH4+ Ammonium
49
What are the six 2+ ions to know?
* Mg 2+ Magnesium
* Ca 2+ Calcium
* Zn 2+ Zinc (II)
* Cu 2+ Copper (II)
* Fe 2+ Iron (II)
* Pb Lead
50
What are the two 3+ ions to know?
* Al 3+ Aluminium
* Fe 3+ Iron (III)
51
What are the six 1- ions to know?
* F- Fluoride
* Cl- Chloride
* Br- Bromide
* NO3- Nitrate
* OH- Hydroxide
* HCO3- Hydrogen Carbonate
52
What are the four 2- ions to know?
* O 2- Oxide
* S 2- Sulphide
* SO4 2- Sulphate
* CO3 2- Carbonate
53
What are the three 3- ions to know?
* N 3- Nitride
* P 3- Phosphide
* PO4 3- Phospate
54
What is the general reaction of a metal with an acid?
metal + acid → salt + hydrogen
55
What is produced when calcium reacts with hydrochloric acid?
calcium chloride + hydrogen
## Footnote
Reaction: 4 Ca + 2 HCl → 4 CaCl2 + H2
56
What is the reaction of a metal carbonate with an acid?
metal carbonate + acid → salt + carbon dioxide + water
57
What is produced when zinc carbonate reacts with sulfuric acid?
zinc sulfate + carbon dioxide + water
## Footnote
Reaction: ZnCO3 (s) + H2SO4 (aq) → ZnSO4 (aq) + CO2 (g) + H2O (v)
58
Which metal is the most reactive among copper, zinc, iron, and magnesium?
magnesium
59
What observation is made when magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid?
vigorous effervescence
60
What is the test for hydrogen gas?
lighted splint in this gas gives a squeaky pop
61
What is produced when zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid?
zinc chloride + hydrogen
## Footnote
Reaction: Zn (s) + 2 HCl (aq) → ZnCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)
62
What is produced when magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid?
magnesium chloride + hydrogen
## Footnote
Reaction: Mg (s) + 2 HCl (aq) → MgCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)
63
Define effervescence.
fizzing or bubbles observed during a chemical reaction
64
How can you make a soluble salt with copper oxide?
* Measure 25cm of sulphuric acid into a small beaker.
* Add copper oxide until no more will dissolve (saturated)
* Filter the solution into a conical flask
* Evaporate off some water to make the solution concentrated
* Leave in a warm place to form hydrated crystals
65
What does copper oxide look like?
A black solid.
66
What is the purpose of filtering the solution in soluble salt making?
To remove excess copper oxide.
67
What should the dissolved copper sulfate look like after filtering?
Clear blue solution.
68
What chemical reaction occurs when copper (II) oxide reacts with sulfuric acid?
CuO + H2SO4 → CuSO4 + H2O.
## Footnote
This reaction produces copper sulfate and water.
69
70
What are precipitation reactions?
Reactions where two soluble salt solutions are mixed, forming an insoluble salt (precipitate) and a soluble salt.
71
What is formed when iron (III) chloride and sodium hydroxide are mixed?
Iron (III) hydroxide precipitate and sodium chloride.
72
Write the reaction equation for iron (III) chloride with sodium hydroxide.
FeCl3 (aq) + 3NaOH (aq) → 3NaCl (aq) + Fe(OH)3 (s)
73
What are the reagents used in the precipitation reaction with sodium chloride?
10 cm³ of sodium chloride and 10 drops of silver nitrate.
74
What is the color of the precipitate formed from sodium chloride and silver nitrate?
White.
75
What is the name of the precipitate formed from sodium chloride and silver nitrate?
Silver chloride.
76
What is formed when iron (III) sulfate and sodium hydroxide are mixed?
Iron (III) hydroxide precipitate and sodium sulfate.
77
Write the reaction equation for iron (III) sulfate with sodium hydroxide.
Fe2(SO4)3 (aq) + 6NaOH (aq) → 3Na2SO4 (aq) + 2Fe(OH)3 (s)
78
What color is the precipitate formed from iron (III) sulfate and sodium hydroxide?
Green (then orange/brown).
79
What is the name of the precipitate formed from iron (III) sulfate and sodium hydroxide?
Iron (III) hydroxide.
80
What are the reagents used in the precipitation reaction with copper (I) sulfate?
10 cm³ of copper (I) sulfate and 10 drops of sodium hydroxide.
81
What is formed when copper (I) sulfate and sodium hydroxide are mixed?
Copper (II) hydroxide precipitate and sodium sulfate.
82
Write the reaction equation for copper (I) sulfate with sodium hydroxide.
CuSO4 (aq) + 2NaOH (aq) → Na2SO4 (aq) + Cu(OH)2 (s)
83
What color is the precipitate formed from copper (I) sulfate and sodium hydroxide?
Blue.
84
What is the name of the precipitate formed from copper (I) sulfate and sodium hydroxide?
Copper (II) hydroxide.
85
What are precipitation reactions?
Reactions where two soluble salt solutions are mixed, forming an insoluble salt (precipitate) and a soluble salt.
86
What is formed when iron (III) chloride and sodium hydroxide are mixed?
Iron (III) hydroxide precipitate and sodium chloride.
87
Write the reaction equation for iron (III) chloride with sodium hydroxide.
FeCl3 (aq) + 3NaOH (aq) → 3NaCl (aq) + Fe(OH)3 (s)
88
What are the reagents used in the precipitation reaction with sodium chloride?
10 cm³ of sodium chloride and 10 drops of silver nitrate.
89
What is the color of the precipitate formed from sodium chloride and silver nitrate?
White.
90
What is the name of the precipitate formed from sodium chloride and silver nitrate?
Silver chloride.
91
What is formed when iron (III) sulfate and sodium hydroxide are mixed?
Iron (III) hydroxide precipitate and sodium sulfate.
92
Write the reaction equation for iron (III) sulfate with sodium hydroxide.
Fe2(SO4)3 (aq) + 6NaOH (aq) → 3Na2SO4 (aq) + 2Fe(OH)3 (s)
93
What color is the precipitate formed from iron (III) sulfate and sodium hydroxide?
Green (then orange/brown).
94
What is the name of the precipitate formed from iron (III) sulfate and sodium hydroxide?
Iron (III) hydroxide.
95
What are the reagents used in the precipitation reaction with copper (I) sulfate?
10 cm³ of copper (I) sulfate and 10 drops of sodium hydroxide.
96
What is formed when copper (I) sulfate and sodium hydroxide are mixed?
Copper (II) hydroxide precipitate and sodium sulfate.
97
Write the reaction equation for copper (I) sulfate with sodium hydroxide.
CuSO4 (aq) + 2NaOH (aq) → Na2SO4 (aq) + Cu(OH)2 (s)
98
What color is the precipitate formed from copper (I) sulfate and sodium hydroxide?
Blue.
99
What is the name of the precipitate formed from copper (I) sulfate and sodium hydroxide?
Copper (II) hydroxide.
100
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