acids and salts Flashcards
what does basicity mean?
how many hydrogen ions can be replaced in an acid molecule
what does basic mean?
the oxides and hydroxides of metals
what can bases be described as?
proton acceptors
what is a soluble base called?
an alkali
what do all alkali’s produce when dissolved in water?
a hydroxide ion
what is neutralisation?
when an acid is added to an alkali a neutralisation reaction will occur
what is a salt?
when you chemically react a salt with an alkali metal
what is a chemical salt?
a substance formed when one or more hydrogen atoms in an acid is replaced by a metal
what must be present for an acid to react with metals, metal carbonates, and indicators?
water
what do all acids contain?
hydrogen atoms
what happens when acids are dissolved in water?
they react with the water molecules to from hydrogen ions with the formula H+
what range of values does pH take?
0-14
what are the solubility rules with chlorides?
all chlorides are soluble except silver or lead chloride
what are the solubility rules with sulphates?
all sulphates are soluble except calcium, barium or lead sulphate
what are the solubility rules with nitrates?
all soluble
what are the solubility rules with carbonates?
all carbonates are insoluble except sodium or potassium carbonate
what instruments do you need in titration?
- a burette
- a funnel
- a conical flask
what are the 4 ways soluble salts can be made?
- in a neutralisation reaction (between acid and alkali)
- by reacting a metal with an acid
- by reacting a metal oxide with an acid
- by reacting ammonia solution with an acid
how can an insoluble salt be made?
by reacting together solutions of two soluble salts
