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chemistry > 1g - covalent bonding > Flashcards

1g - covalent bonding Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the difference between covalent bonds and ionic bonds?

A

covalent: electrons are shared between atoms

ionic: electrons are transferred from one atom to another

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2
Q
A
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3
Q

what is represented by a short straight line between two atoms?

A

a covalent bond

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4
Q

true or false?

simple covalent molecules conduct electricity.

A

false.

they do not conduct electricity as they do not contain free electrons

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5
Q

what is a covalent bond?

A

it is a type of chemical bond where atoms share pairs of electrons with each other

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6
Q

what are intermolecular forces

A

the weak forces of attraction that exist between individual molecules in a covalent substance.

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7
Q

true or false?

covalent bonds involve the transfer of electrons.

A

false.

they share instead of transfer electrons

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8
Q

what type of materials form a covalent bond?

A

non-metals

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9
Q

what makes each atom more stable in a covalent bond?

A

it allows each atom to achieve an electron configuration similar to a noble gas

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10
Q

what is formed when a group of two or more atoms covalent bond together?

A

a compound / molecule

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11
Q

true or false?

dot and cross diagrams can represent giant covalent structures

A

false.

dot and cross diagrams are used to represent only small covalent molecules with a fixed number of atoms

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12
Q

what are simple molecular?

A

a small covalent molecule with a fixed number of atoms

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13
Q

what are diatomic molecules?

A

they are molecules composed of two atoms.

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14
Q

what are inorganic molecules?

A

simple molecules that do not contain carbon atoms

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15
Q

what is an organic molecule?

A

a simple molecule that contains carbon and hydrogen atoms

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16
Q

true or false?

simple molecular structures have high melting and boiling points

A

false they have low bp and mp

17
Q

true or false?

covalent compounds are good conductors of electricity

A

false.

they are poor conductors of electricity

18
Q

what are simple molecular structures?

A

small molecules with covalent bonds, which have weak forces between the molecules

19
Q

why are covalent compounds generally poor conductors of electricity?

A

they do not contain free ions or electrons to carry the charge

20
Q

true or false?

covalent bonds break when a covalent substance melts or boils.

A

false

INTERMOLECULAR FORCES break when a covalent substance melts or boils

21
Q

what happens to melting and boiling as the relative molecular mass of a substance increases

A

they increase due to the increased number of electrons and stronger intermolecular forces.

22
Q

what are insulators?

A

materials that do not allow the flow of electric charge or heat, and common insulators include plastics, rubber and wood

23
Q

why do simple molecular structures have low melting and boiling points?

A

this is due to weak intermolecular forces which require small amounts of energy to overcome.

24
Q

true or false?

simple molecular structures are often gases or liquids at room temperature.

A

true.

25
Q

what are giant covalent structures?

A

they are macromolecules or giant lattices that consists of a huge number of non-metal atoms with strong covalent bonds fixed in a ratio.

26
Q

define allotropes.

A

they are different structural forms of the same element, such as diamond and graphite for carbon.

27
Q

why does diamond not conduct electricity?

A

all the outer shell electrons are held in the covalent bonds, and there are no freely moving charged particles to carry the current.

28
Q

what are fullerenes?

A

a group of carbon allotropes that consist of molecules forming hollow tubes or spheres.

29
Q

describe the structure of graphite.

A
  • each carbon atom is bonded to three others
  • there are hexagonal layers
  • there is one free/delocalised electron per carbon atom
30
Q

state the properties of diamond.

A

it doesn’t conduct electricity, has a high melting point and is extremely hard.

31
Q

what are the properties of graphite?

A

it conducts electricity and heat, has a high melting point, and is soft and slippery

32
Q

true or false?

fullerenes have a high surface area

A

true

33
Q

describe the buckminsterfullerene

A

a carbon allotrope with 60 carbon atoms forming a hollow sphere. each carbon atom is bonded to three others and there is 1 free/delocalised electron per carbon atom

34
Q

why are c60 fullerene and graphite good electrical conductors?

A

because they have delocalised electrons to carry the current.

chemistry (9 decks)

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