Acids and Bases Flashcards
properties of acids
- aqueous solutions of acids have a sour taste.
- acids change the color of acid/base indicators.
- some acids react with active metals to release hydrogen gas.
- acids react with bases to produce salts and water.
- acids conduct electric current.
properties of bases
- aqueous solutions of bases taste bitter.
- bases change the color of acid/base indicators.
- dilute aqueous solutions of bases feel slippery.
- bases react with acids to produce salts and water.
- bases conduct electric current.
binary acid
an acid that only contains two elements, one of which is hydrogen and the other is a more electronegative ion.
oxyacid
an acid that is a compound of hydrogen, oxygen, and a third element that is usually a nonmetal.
acid
an acid is a substance that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions in water.
base
a base is a substance that increases the concentration of hydroxide ions in water.
six main strong acids
HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, HBr, HI, HClO4
strong bases
hydroxide combined with alkali metals (group one) or with alkaline earth metals (group two).
monoprotic acids
one hydrogen
hydronium
H3O+
disassociation of NH3
NH4+ (aq) + OH- (aq)
acid rain’s affects on geology
decays limestone and marble, increases the rate of leeching of heavy metals from soil, rocks, and water, increased methylmercury in water which builds up in fish which leads to birth defects in humans
acid rain’s affects on plants
damages forest soils, trees, and reduces crop productivity
acid rain’s affects on animals
acidification of lakes and streams leads to the death of trout, some insects, crustaceans, and plankton.
to find pH
-log [H+]
