acids and bases Flashcards
what are acids?
acids are substances which dissolve in water to produce hydrogen (H+) ions
what are some common acids?
hydrochloric acid (HCL) nitric acid (HNO3) sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
what is a base?
a base is a metal oxide or metal hydroxide which react with acid to give salt and water only
what are alkalis?
alkalis are soluble bases that dissolve in water to produce hydroxide (OH-) ions
how can acids be identified?
acids can conduct electricity in water due to mobile ions and will turn damp blue litmus paper red
how can a base be identified?
most bases are insoluble in water. bases that are soluble in water are known as alkalis
what are some common alkalis?
sodium hydroxide (NaOH), Potassium hydroxide (KOH), Aqueous ammonia (NH3)
what does the pH of a solution relate to?
it relates to the concentration of H+ ions in the solution
H+ > OH- (acidic solution)
H+ = OH- (neutral solution)
H+< OH- (alkaline solution)
why does the chemical formula NH4OH for aqueous ammonia not exist?
it gets broken down immediately into NH4+ and OH-
what are the 4 reactions of acids and bases?
acid + metal –> salt + hydrogen gas (MASH)
acid + base (metal oxide/ metal hydroxide) –>salt + water (neutralisation) (ABSW)
acid + carbonate –> salt + water + carbon dioxide (CASWC)
alkali + ammonium salt –> salt + water + ammonia (AASWA)
between amphoteric, basic, neutral and acidic, which ones are metal oxides and which ones are non-metal oxides?
amphoteric and basic are metal oxides while neutral and acidic are non-metal oxides
how to identify amphoteric metal oxides?
they react with both acids and alkalis
how to identify basic metal oxides?
they react with acids only, other metal oxides other than (ZAP)
how to identify neutral non-metal oxides?
they do not react with acids or alkalis, NO, CO, H2O only (monoxides)
how to identify acidic non-metal oxides?
they react with alkalis only, other non-metal oxides other than NO CO H2O
