Acids and Bases Flashcards
What is acid?
substance that produces H+ ions in aqueous solution
Properties of acids.
- Sour
- dissolve in H2O to form solution which conduct electricity
- turn blue litmus paper red
Reaction of Acids with reactive metals to form…
salt & h2 gas
Reaction of Acids with carbonate and hydrogen carbonates to form…
Salt, water & h2 gas
Reaction of Acids with Metal oxides and hydroxides to form
salt and water only
Role of water in acids
acids produce H2 gas ONLY in water
Uses of acids
manufacture of fertilisers
manufacture of detergents
battery acid in cars
What is a Base?
any metal oxide/hydroxide that react with an acid to produce salt and water only
What is a alkali?
substance that produces OH-ions in aqueous solution
Properties of Alkali
bitter
turn red litmus paper blue
react with acids to form salt & water only
Alkalis when heated with ammonium salts, give off a gas. Name and show how to test
AMMONIA
pungent smell and can turn damp red litmus paper blue
Alkalis react with a solution of one metal salt to give…
another metal salt and metal hydroxide.
What is a strong acid?
completely ionises/dissociates in aqueous solution to form H+ ions
What is a weak acid?
partially ionises/dissociates in aqueous solution to form H+ ions
acids and alkali pH value
Acids is <7
Alkali is >7
neutral is 7
How to measure pH of given solution?
chemical compound, Universal indicator
pH meter
pH sensor attached to data logger
4 Types of Oxides
- Acidic
- Basic
- Amphoteric
- Neutral
Acidic oxides dissolve in water to form….
acids
Basic oxides react with acids to form….
salt and water
Amphoteric oxides react with both acids and bases to form…
salts and water
how does acid conduct electricity?
ions in aqueous acid solution are mobile, and can move freely & carry -ve electric charge during conduction
some hazards on dilute acids
irritants, cause blister
some hazards of concentrated acids
destroy outer skin, penetrate into flesh under skin
acids turn what paper into what colour
blue to red
acids react with carbonate to form what
salt water+ CO2
other than ionisation in water, whats the difference between strong & weak acids?
strong: higher conc. of H+ ions
weak: lower conc. of H+ ions
can strength of acid or conc of acid be changed?
only concentration can be changed
how to find pH of solution with just concentration of H+ ions
pH = -log [H+]
3 amphoteric oxides
zinc oxide, lead [II] oxide, aluminium oxide
