acids and bases Flashcards
define acid
proton donor
define base
proton acceptor
how do you convert ph to H+
ph=-log10[H+] which rearranged to [H+]=10^-Ph
calculate ph of strong acid
-Log10[H+] (monoprotic)
-log2[HA] (diprotic)
write an exspression for kw
[H+][OH-]
calculate ph of strong base
find [H+] = kw/[OH-]
then use ph= -log[H+]
weak acid
acid that partially dissociates
strong acid
full dissociates
ka equation
[H+][A-]/[HA]
calculate ph of weak acid
[H+]=square root of ka x [HA]
then ph equation
convert between ka and pka
pKa=-log10Ka which rearranged to ka=10^-pka
calculate the ph of an acidic buffer solution
[H+]=ka x [HA] /[A-]
then use ph equation
equation for ph
-Log10[H+]
what is kw at 25C
1x10^-14
acid + metal ->
salt + hydrogen
acid + metal oxide ->
salt + water
acid + metal hydroxide ->
salt + water
acid + metal carbonate ->
salt + CO2 + water
phosphoric acid formula
H3PO4
nitric acid formula
HNO3
sulphuric acid formula
H2SO4
kw is called the _______
ionic product of water
what is a buffer
a solution which can resist changes in ph when a small amount of acid or base is added
define an acid buffer
made of a weak acid and soluble salt of that acid. it maintains a ph below 7
define a basic buffer
made of a weak base and a soluble salt of that base. it maintains a ph above 7
what happens to [H+] and [A-]
when a small amount of acid is added
[HA] increases and [A-] decreases
what happens to ph of a buffer when a small amount of alkali is added
[HA] decreases and [A-] increases
