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Chemistry > acids and bases > Flashcards

acids and bases Flashcards

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1
Q

define acid

A

proton donor

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2
Q

define base

A

proton acceptor

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3
Q

how do you convert ph to H+

A

ph=-log10[H+] which rearranged to [H+]=10^-Ph

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4
Q

calculate ph of strong acid

A

-Log10[H+] (monoprotic)
-log2[HA] (diprotic)

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5
Q

write an exspression for kw

A

[H+][OH-]

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6
Q

calculate ph of strong base

A

find [H+] = kw/[OH-]
then use ph= -log[H+]

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7
Q

weak acid

A

acid that partially dissociates

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8
Q

strong acid

A

full dissociates

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9
Q

ka equation

A

[H+][A-]/[HA]

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10
Q

calculate ph of weak acid

A

[H+]=square root of ka x [HA]
then ph equation

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11
Q

convert between ka and pka

A

pKa=-log10Ka which rearranged to ka=10^-pka

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12
Q

calculate the ph of an acidic buffer solution

A

[H+]=ka x [HA] /[A-]
then use ph equation

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13
Q

equation for ph

A

-Log10[H+]

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14
Q

what is kw at 25C

A

1x10^-14

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15
Q

acid + metal ->

A

salt + hydrogen

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16
Q

acid + metal oxide ->

A

salt + water

17
Q

acid + metal hydroxide ->

A

salt + water

18
Q

acid + metal carbonate ->

A

salt + CO2 + water

19
Q

phosphoric acid formula

A

H3PO4

20
Q

nitric acid formula

A

HNO3

21
Q

sulphuric acid formula

A

H2SO4

22
Q

kw is called the _______

A

ionic product of water

23
Q

what is a buffer

A

a solution which can resist changes in ph when a small amount of acid or base is added

24
Q

define an acid buffer

A

made of a weak acid and soluble salt of that acid. it maintains a ph below 7

25
Q

define a basic buffer

A

made of a weak base and a soluble salt of that base. it maintains a ph above 7

26
Q

what happens to [H+] and [A-]
when a small amount of acid is added

A

[HA] increases and [A-] decreases

27
Q

what happens to ph of a buffer when a small amount of alkali is added

A

[HA] decreases and [A-] increases

Chemistry (24 decks)

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