Acids and bases Flashcards
Common household acids
vinegar,
citrus fruits,
cola drinks
nettle and ant bites
common household bases
lime,
oven cleaner,
bleach,
bicarbonate of soda,
soap,
ammonia
Examples of metal oxide bases
-lime (calcium oxide) -soda(sodium oxide) -magnesia(magnesium oxide) -pearl ash(potassium oxide)
Examples of carbonate bases
limestone (calcium carbonate) marble(calcium carbonate) baking soda (sodium carbonate) potash(potassium carbonate)
Neutruelisation equation
Base + acid ==> salt + water
What is the combound and state of carbonates and metal oxides
-bases are ionic compounds, -therefore solids at room temperature
How are most alkalais made?
Most alkalis are made by dissolving a metal oxide in water .
How are most acids made?
Most acids are made by dissolving soluble non-metal oxides in water
Neutralisation has happened when….
number of H+(aq) ions = number of OH—(aq) ions
what is this ?
when waters polar covalents break up
Alkalai is when…
number of H+(aq) ions< number of OH-(aq) ions
Acid is when the ….
number of H+(aq) ions > number of OH—(aq) ions
What is neutralisation?
Neutralisation is a reaction in which the pH of a solution moves towards 7.
Whats the main cause of acid rain?
Non metal oxides
Bases are?
Insoluble solids
Alkalais are ?
Soluble solutions
Whats equation of the reaction between metal oxides(base) and acids?
metal oxide +an acid –> salt + water
Whats the equation of the reaction between soluble metal oxides/metal hyroxides and acids?
Metal hydroxide + an acid –> salt + water
What is the equation of the reaction between soluble metal carbonates / insoluble metal carbonates?
Metal carbonate + an acid –> salt + water + CO2
Everyday examples of neutralisation?
- Lime (calcium oxide) is used to reduce acidity in soil and water.
- Cures for acid indigestion contain neutralisers such as calcium carbonate. Wasp stings (base) can be neutralised using vinegar (acid).
- Bee stings and Ant Bites (acid) can be neutralised using baking soda (base)
How can soluble salts be made?
reacting excess insoluble metal oxides or metal carbonates with a suitable acid
How are insoluble salts made?
can be made by precipitation - two solutions combine to produce an insoluble precipitate of the salt
equation of precipitation where an insoluble salt is made?
Features of ammonia(special base)
colourless gas with a sharp, unpleasant smell.
Ammonia is a very soluble in water producing an alkaline solution.
Ammonia can neutralise an acid and form an ammonium salt.
