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Chemistry > Acids, alkalis and bases > Flashcards

Acids, alkalis and bases Flashcards

summer exam revision 2/5/24

1
Q

the pH scale goes from - to -

acids and alkalis

A

0 to 14

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2
Q

the strongest acid has pH ?

acids and alkalis

A

pH 0

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3
Q

the strongest alkali has pH ?

acids and alkalis

A

pH 14

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4
Q

a neutral substance has a pH ?

acids and alkalis

A

pH 7

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5
Q

example of a neutral substance

acids and alkalis

A

pure water

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6
Q

litmus paper changes colour at about pH -?

acids and alkalis

A

pH 7

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7
Q

litmus paper is - in acidic solutions

acids and alkalis

A

red

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8
Q

litmus paper is - in neutral solutions

acids and alkalis

A

purple

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9
Q

what colour is litmus paper in alkaline solutions?

acids and alkalis

A

blue

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10
Q

what colour is phenolphthalein in acidic solutions?

acids and alkalis

A

colourless

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11
Q

what colour is phenolphthalein in alkaline solutions?

acids and alkalis

A

bright pink

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12
Q

what colour is methyl orange in in acidic solutions?

acids and alkalis

A

red

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13
Q

what colour is methyl orange in alkaline conditions?

acids and alkalis

A

yellow

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14
Q

what can acids be neutralised by?

acids and alkalis

A

bases (or alkalis)

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15
Q

an acid is a source of - ions (-)

acids and alkalis

A

hydrogen ions (H+)

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16
Q

acids are proton -

acids and alkalis

A

they are proton donors

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17
Q

acids have a pH - than 7

acids and alkalis

A

less than 7

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18
Q

a - is a substance that can neutralise an acid

acids and alkalis

A

base

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19
Q

bases are proton -

acids and alkalis

A

they are proton acceptors

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20
Q

– are soluble bases

acids and alkalis

A

alkalis

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21
Q

alkalis are soluble -

acids and alkalis

A

bases

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22
Q

alkalis are - bases

acids and alkalis

A

soluble

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23
Q

an alkali is a source of - ions (-)

acids and alkalis

A

hydroxide ions (OH-)

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24
Q

alkalis have a pH - than 7

acids and alkalis

A

greater than 7

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25
Q

what is the name of the reaction that happens between an acid and a base (or an acid and an alkali) ?

acids and alkalis

A

neutralisation

26
Q

what ions are involved in a neutralisation reaction?

acids and alkalis

A

hydrogen ions, H+, and hydroxide ions, OH-

27
Q

what is the ionic equation for a neutralisation reaction?

acids and alkalis

A

H+ (aq) + OH- (aq) –> H2O (l)

28
Q

a neutralisatoion reaction can also be seen in terms of a proton –.
the acid – protons which are then – by the base.

acids and alkalis

A

– proton transfer
– donates
– accepted

29
Q

when an acid neutralises a base (or vice versa), the products are –, i.e. they have a pH of –

acids and alkalis

A

– neutral
– 7

30
Q

acid + base –> ?

A

salt + water

31
Q

metal + acid –>

A

salt + hydrogen

(M+A–>S+H)

32
Q

acid + metal hydroxide –> ?

A

salt + water

33
Q

acid + ammonia –> ?

A

ammonium salt

34
Q

acid + metal carbonate –> ?

A

salt + water + carbon dioxide

35
Q

titrations allow you to find out exactly how much – is needed to – a quantity of alkali (or vice versa)

A

– acid
– neutralise

36
Q

equipment for a titration (4 things)

A
  • pipette
  • conical flask
  • burette
  • white tile
37
Q

what is a pipette used for in a titration?

A

to accurately measure a certain volume of acid or alkali (usually 25cm^3)

38
Q

what is a conical flask used for in a titration?

A

to contain the liquid from the pipette

39
Q

what is a burette used for in a titration?

A

used for adding alkali or acid to the conical flask

40
Q

what is a white tile used for in a titration?

A

to put the conical flask on

(so that it’s easier to spot the colour change)

41
Q

describe how to carry out a titration

(adding acid to the alkali)

A
  1. use a pipette to add 25cm^3 of alkali to a clean conical flask
  2. add a few drops of phenolphthalein indicator and place conical flask on white tile - the solution will turn PINK
  3. fill burette with acid and note the starting volume
  4. slowly add the acid from the burette to the alkali in the conical flask, swirling to mix
  5. stop adding the acid when the end-point is reached - this is when the acid has neutralised the alkali and the phenolphthalein indicator changes colour from PINK TO COLOURLESS
  6. note final volume reading of acid and calculate how much was added in total
  7. Repeat the titration until you get ‘concordant results’, which means volumes of acid that are within 0.10 cm^3 of each other
  8. use the concordant results to calculate the mean volume of acid required to neutralise the alkali
42
Q

what colour is litmus indicator in acidic solutions?

A

red

43
Q

what colour is litmus indicator in alkaline solutions?

A

blue

44
Q

what colour is phenolphthalein indicator in acidic solutions?

A

colourless

45
Q

what colour is phenolphthalein in alkaline solutions?

A

pink

46
Q

what colour is methyl orange in acidic solutions?

A

red

47
Q

what colour is methyl orange in alkaline solutions?

A

yellow

48
Q

what precaution should be taken during a titration to reduce the risk of harm from acid burns?

A

wearing gloves

49
Q

why should you swirl the conical flask during the titration?

A

to evenly distribute the added acid/alkali

50
Q

what is a salt?

A

a compound that contains a positive ion (cation) and a negative ion (anion)

e.g. NaCl contains a positive Na+ ion and a negative Cl- ion

51
Q

Which piece of apparatus should you use to accurately measure the volume of your acid or alkali before transferring it to a conical flask?

A

pipette

(normally 25cm^3 of acid/alkali is measured with a pipette)

52
Q

what is meant by a soluble salt?

A

a salt that dissolves in water

53
Q

what is meant by an insoluble salt?

A

a salt that does not dissolve in water

54
Q

soluble or insoluble:
common salts of SODIUM, POTASSIUM and AMMONIUM?

A

soluble

55
Q

soluble or insoluble:
NITRATES?

A

soluble

56
Q

soluble or insoluble:
common CHLORIDES?

A

soluble (except SILVER chloride and LEAD chloride)

57
Q

soluble or insoluble:
common SULPHATES?

A

soluble (except LEAD, BARIUM and CALCIUM sulphate)

58
Q

soluble or insoluble:
common CARBONATES?

A

insoluble (except for SODIUM, POTASSIUM and AMMONIUM ones)

59
Q

soluble or insoluble:
common HYDROXIDES?

A

insoluble (except for SODIUM, POTASSIUM and CALCIUM ones)

60
Q
A

Chemistry (11 decks)

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