Acid-base Overview

Question 1

What is the normal pH of arterial blood?

Answer 1

7.35 - 7.45
outside of range is acidosis or alkalosis

Question 2

What is the cause of pH deviations?

Answer 2

Respiratory or metabolic/non-respiratory disorders:
Metabolic acidosis, respiratory acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, metabolic alkalosis

Question 3

Buffers in blood

Answer 3

1. Plasma protein
2. Hemoglobin (dissociation of histidine residues)
3. Carbonic acid- bicarbonate

Question 4

Why are plasma proteins effective buffers?

Answer 4

Because their carbonyl and amino groups dissociate

Question 5

What does Acetazolamide do?

Answer 5

Inhibits CA- leads to building up of acid in the body
Loop diuretic- inhibits uptake of HCO3- in the PT

Question 6

What do you use acetazolamide to treat?

Answer 6

Glaucoma, metabolic alkalosis, high-altitude sickness

Question 7

Respiratory acidosis

Answer 7

A decrease in pH due to increased PaCO2
Due to decreased elimination of CO2 (emphysema)

Question 8

How do kidneys compensate for Respiratory acidosis?

Answer 8

By excreting acid leaving base

Question 9

Respiratory alkalosis

Answer 9

Hyperventilation @ high altitude that lowers PaCO2

Question 10

How do kidneys compensate for Respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 10

By saving acid leaving base

Question 11

Metabolic acidosis

Answer 11

Occurs when strong acids are added to blood
Ingestion or production of acid (ketoaciosis)
Loss of base (renal disease)

Question 12

Metabolic alkalosis

Answer 12

Due to the removal of acid or addition of alkali
Vomiting

Question 13

How does the respiratory system compensate for Metabolic alkalosis

Answer 13

Hypoventilation
Converse O2

Question 14

How does the respiratory system compensate for Metabolic acidosis

Answer 14

Hyperventilation
Eliminate CO2