Acid-Base- Exam 1 Flashcards
Acid
donates a proton
Base
can accept a proton
pH Equation
ph= -log [H+]
What affects dissociation of molecules in solution?
Decreased temperature produces
Decreased energy which produces
Decrease in dissociation which produces
Decrease in concentration of all ionized components
pH of Neutrality
At equilibrium, the pH produced by the dissociation of water reaction
At 27 degrees C, what is the pH of neutrality?
7.0
Henry’s Law
Dissolved = Solubility x Partial Pressure
Solubility of CO2 @ 37 degrees C
0.06 mls CO2/100 mls bld/mmHg
Solubility of O2 @ 37 degrees C
0.003 mls O2/100 mls bld/mmHg
How is CO2 moved from the tissue to the lungs?
- Dissolved
- Bound to hemoglobin
- As HCO3-
What is the equation for CO2 “content”
Content = Solubility x PP
What is the relationships between solubility and temperature?
Solubility is inversely proportional to temperature
What are the three ways you can change the pH of blood in a “closed” system?
- Change total CO2 content; temp constnat
- Change temperature; keep CO2 constant (change driven by dissociation constant)
- Change CO2 content AND temperature
What will happen to [H+] and pH as you increase temperature?
[H+] will increase
pH will decrease
drives acid-base dissociation equilibrium to the right
What will happen to [H+] and pH as you decrease temperature?
[H+] will decrease
pH will increase
drives acid-base dissociation equilibrium to the left
Buffer systems are designed to maintain what constant ratio of [OH-] to [H+]?
16:1
What three components help maintain buffer systems in the body?
Bicarbonate, protein, phosphate
What is the primary blood buffering system response for buffer systems in the body?
Imidazole moiety of the amino acid histidine
Where is the imidazole moiety of the amino acid histamine found?
It’s found on most blood borne proteins.
What accounts for most of the changes in pH due to changes in temperature?
Dissociation of Him+ –> H+ + Im
Alpha state and pH stat management ONLY affect control of__________ and __________.
Arterial pCO2
pH
What value must always be temperature corrected?
Arterial pO2
pH-Stat management
maintain constant pH with change in temperature
Alpha-stat management
maintain constant CO2 content with change in temperature
pH-Stat Consequences during hypothermia
blood more acidic
hydrogen ion gradient across the cell membrane changes
acidity alters metabolic activity
cells do not maintain electroneutrality
added CO2 influences blood flow regulation
Alpha-stat consequences during hypothermia
maintain constant charge on alpha-imidazole side chain
hydrogen ion gradient across cell does not change
cellular enzyme functions are maintained
cells maintain electroneutrality
auto-regulation of blood flow maintained
