Acid-Base- Exam 1

Question 1

Acid

Answer 1

donates a proton

Question 2

Base

Answer 2

can accept a proton

Question 3

pH Equation

Answer 3

ph= -log [H+]

Question 4

What affects dissociation of molecules in solution?

Answer 4

Decreased temperature produces
Decreased energy which produces
Decrease in dissociation which produces
Decrease in concentration of all ionized components

Question 5

pH of Neutrality

Answer 5

At equilibrium, the pH produced by the dissociation of water reaction

Question 6

At 27 degrees C, what is the pH of neutrality?

Answer 6

7.0

Question 7

Henry’s Law

Answer 7

Dissolved = Solubility x Partial Pressure

Question 8

Solubility of CO2 @ 37 degrees C

Answer 8

0.06 mls CO2/100 mls bld/mmHg

Question 9

Solubility of O2 @ 37 degrees C

Answer 9

0.003 mls O2/100 mls bld/mmHg

Question 10

How is CO2 moved from the tissue to the lungs?

Answer 10

1. Dissolved
2. Bound to hemoglobin
3. As HCO3-

Question 11

What is the equation for CO2 “content”

Answer 11

Content = Solubility x PP

Question 12

What is the relationships between solubility and temperature?

Answer 12

Solubility is inversely proportional to temperature

Question 13

What are the three ways you can change the pH of blood in a “closed” system?

Answer 13

1. Change total CO2 content; temp constnat
2. Change temperature; keep CO2 constant (change driven by dissociation constant)
3. Change CO2 content AND temperature

Question 14

What will happen to [H+] and pH as you increase temperature?

Answer 14

[H+] will increase
pH will decrease
drives acid-base dissociation equilibrium to the right

Question 15

What will happen to [H+] and pH as you decrease temperature?

Answer 15

[H+] will decrease
pH will increase
drives acid-base dissociation equilibrium to the left

Question 16

Buffer systems are designed to maintain what constant ratio of [OH-] to [H+]?

Answer 16

16:1

Question 17

What three components help maintain buffer systems in the body?

Answer 17

Bicarbonate, protein, phosphate

Question 18

What is the primary blood buffering system response for buffer systems in the body?

Answer 18

Imidazole moiety of the amino acid histidine

Question 19

Where is the imidazole moiety of the amino acid histamine found?

Answer 19

It’s found on most blood borne proteins.

Question 20

What accounts for most of the changes in pH due to changes in temperature?

Answer 20

Dissociation of Him+ –> H+ + Im

Question 21

Alpha state and pH stat management ONLY affect control of__________ and __________.

Answer 21

Arterial pCO2

pH

Question 22

What value must always be temperature corrected?

Answer 22

Arterial pO2

Question 23

pH-Stat management

Answer 23

maintain constant pH with change in temperature

Question 24

Alpha-stat management

Answer 24

maintain constant CO2 content with change in temperature

Question 25

pH-Stat Consequences during hypothermia

Answer 25

blood more acidic hydrogen ion gradient across the cell membrane changes acidity alters metabolic activity cells do not maintain electroneutrality added CO2 influences blood flow regulation

Question 26

Alpha-stat consequences during hypothermia

Answer 26

maintain constant charge on alpha-imidazole side chain hydrogen ion gradient across cell does not change cellular enzyme functions are maintained cells maintain electroneutrality auto-regulation of blood flow maintained