Acid, Base Balance (2)

Question 1

What is the most common cation and anion in plasma and interstitial fluid

Answer 1

most common cation in plasma and interstitial fluid is Na+

most common anion in plasma and interstitial fluid is Cl-

Question 2

What happens in isotonic solution

Answer 2

no net movement of water in or out

Question 3

what happens in hypotonic solution

Answer 3

water moves into the cell and causes it to swell

Question 4

what happens in hypertonic solution

Answer 4

water moves out of the cell and causes the cell to shrivel

Question 5

What is the normal ECF of Na

Answer 5

135-145mEq/L

Question 6

what is hyponatremia

Answer 6

too low Na
(water excess or sodium loss)
affects CNS

Question 7

what is hypernatremia

Answer 7

too high Na
(dehydration or Na excess)
patient will be thirsty

Question 8

What is the normal ECF of K

Answer 8

3.5 to 5 mEq/L

Question 9

What is hyperkalemia

Answer 9

too high K
(caused from kidney failure)
can cause disturbance to cardiac rythym

Question 10

what is hypokalemia

Answer 10

too low K
(from loss of K due to vomiting, diuretics)
can cause disturbance to cardiac rythym

Question 11

what is the normal ECF of Ca

Answer 11

8.5 to 10.5 mg/dL

imbalances affect parathyroid and thyroid

Question 12

what causes hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia

Answer 12

phosphorus and calcium are inversely related. K goes up Ca goes down
cancers can cause Ca increase
Osteoporosis can cause Ca increase

Question 13

What happens with magnesium imbalances

Answer 13

drop (malnutrition) = twitchy muscles

rise = smooth muscle relaxation (can stop breathing if too high)

Question 14

What happens when water is in excess in the blood

Answer 14

the blood becomes hypoosmolar and dilute

water intoxication

Question 15

what happens when water is lost in the blood

Answer 15

the blood becomes hyperosmolar and concentrated

Question 16

What is the normal pH of the body

Answer 16

7.35 - 7.45

Question 17

what is the normal CO2 level, what does high CO2 lead to, what does low CO2 lead to

Answer 17

normal = 35-45
high CO2 = acidosis
low CO2 = alkalosis

Question 18

What is the normal Bicarb level, what does high bicarb lead to, what does low bicarb lead to

Answer 18

normal = 22-26
high bicarb = alkalosis
low bicarb = acidosis

Question 19

What is respiratory acidosis, and what does the kidney do in response

Answer 19

when CO2 is high because the lungs aren’t working

kidneys compensate by saving bicarb

Question 20

What is respiratory alkalosis

Answer 20

when the lungs release too much CO2 (hyperventilation)

person can pass out, then the brain will regulate breathing and CO2 will become normal

Question 21

What is metabolic acidosis

Answer 21

loss of bicarb, the lungs compensate by increasing respirations

Question 22

what is metabolic alkalosis

Answer 22

loss of acid ions or too much bicarb

body will release bicarb through kidneys, they decrease respirations