Acid, Base Balance (2) Flashcards
What is the most common cation and anion in plasma and interstitial fluid
most common cation in plasma and interstitial fluid is Na+
most common anion in plasma and interstitial fluid is Cl-
What happens in isotonic solution
no net movement of water in or out
what happens in hypotonic solution
water moves into the cell and causes it to swell
what happens in hypertonic solution
water moves out of the cell and causes the cell to shrivel
What is the normal ECF of Na
135-145mEq/L
what is hyponatremia
too low Na
(water excess or sodium loss)
affects CNS
what is hypernatremia
too high Na
(dehydration or Na excess)
patient will be thirsty
What is the normal ECF of K
3.5 to 5 mEq/L
What is hyperkalemia
too high K
(caused from kidney failure)
can cause disturbance to cardiac rythym
what is hypokalemia
too low K
(from loss of K due to vomiting, diuretics)
can cause disturbance to cardiac rythym
what is the normal ECF of Ca
8.5 to 10.5 mg/dL
imbalances affect parathyroid and thyroid
what causes hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia
phosphorus and calcium are inversely related. K goes up Ca goes down
cancers can cause Ca increase
Osteoporosis can cause Ca increase
What happens with magnesium imbalances
drop (malnutrition) = twitchy muscles
rise = smooth muscle relaxation (can stop breathing if too high)
What happens when water is in excess in the blood
the blood becomes hypoosmolar and dilute
water intoxication
what happens when water is lost in the blood
the blood becomes hyperosmolar and concentrated
What is the normal pH of the body
7.35 - 7.45
what is the normal CO2 level, what does high CO2 lead to, what does low CO2 lead to
normal = 35-45
high CO2 = acidosis
low CO2 = alkalosis
What is the normal Bicarb level, what does high bicarb lead to, what does low bicarb lead to
normal = 22-26
high bicarb = alkalosis
low bicarb = acidosis
What is respiratory acidosis, and what does the kidney do in response
when CO2 is high because the lungs aren’t working
kidneys compensate by saving bicarb
What is respiratory alkalosis
when the lungs release too much CO2 (hyperventilation)
person can pass out, then the brain will regulate breathing and CO2 will become normal
What is metabolic acidosis
loss of bicarb, the lungs compensate by increasing respirations
what is metabolic alkalosis
loss of acid ions or too much bicarb
body will release bicarb through kidneys, they decrease respirations
