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Physical Chemistry > Acid and Bases > Flashcards

Acid and Bases Flashcards

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0
Q

What is the Arrhenius definition of an acid?

A

A substance releasing hydrogen ions in water

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1
Q

What is the Arrhenius definition of an base?

A

A substance releasing hydroxide ions in water

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2
Q

Give an example of a limitation of the Arrhenius definition of acids and bases.

A

NaHCO3 (baking soda) is a base but does not release hydroxide ions

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3
Q

What is the Bronsted-Lowry Theory of an acid?

A

Substance that donates a proton

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4
Q

What is the Bronsted-Lowry Theory of a base?

A

A substance that accepts a proton

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5
Q

What do conjugate acid-base pairs differ from? Give an example.

A

By a single proton.CH3COOH/CH3COO-

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6
Q

What is self-ionisation?

A

When a molecule reacts with itself to give ions

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7
Q

What is the equilibrium constant (Kc)?

A

The concentration of the products divided by the concentration of the reactants

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8
Q

What is the ionic product of water?

A

Kw= [H30+]x[OH-]=10-14 at 25 oC

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9
Q

What is a Bronsted acid?

A

Proton donors and they increase the concentration of H+

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10
Q

What is a Bronsted base?

A

Proton acceptors and they decrease the concentration of H+

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11
Q

How can the acidity or basicity of a solution be measured?

A

By its hydronium ion concentration

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12
Q

What is the equation for pH?

A

pH= -log10[H30]

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13
Q

What is the equation for [H30]?

A

[H30]= antilog10(-pH)=10-pH

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14
Q

What are weak acids ( or weak bases)?

A

Weak electrolytes: partially ionised

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15
Q

What does the higher the value of Ka mean?

A

The stronger the acid

16
Q

What does the higher the value of pKa mean?

A

The stronger the acid

17
Q

What does the lower the value of pKa mean?

A

The stronger the acid

18
Q

What are polyphonic acids?

A

Acids that can donate more than one proton e.g. phosphoric acid is triprotic acid

19
Q

What does the higher the value of Kb mean?

A

The stronger the base

20
Q

What does the lower the value of pKb mean?

A

The stronger the base

21
Q

What are salts?

A

Salts are ionic species which can be produced by reaction of an acid with a base

22
Q

Give a example of a neutral salt

A

NaCl, LiBr

23
Q

Give a example of a acidic salt?

A

NH4Cl, NH4Br

24
Q

Give a example of a basic

A

NaCN , CH2COONa

25
Q

What is the cation of the salt?

A

The conjugate acid of the weak base. The salt hydrolysis to give an acidic solution
NH4Cl-NH4+ + CL-

26
Q

What is the anion of the salt?

A

The conjugate base of the weak acid. The salt hydrolyses to give a basic solution.
CH3COONa- Na+ + CH3COO-

27
Q

What is percentage ionisation?

A

Ratio of the concentration of ionised molecules to the concentration of all molecules put into the solution

Physical Chemistry (6 decks)

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