Acid and bases

Question 1

Weak acid

Answer 1

Slightly dissociates into its ions
E.g. Ethanoic acid
Carbonic acid

Question 2

Strong acid

Answer 2

Fully dissociates into its ions
E.g. Hydrochloric acid
Nitric acid
Sulfuric acid

Question 3

Salt

Answer 3

When a metal ion has replaced the H+ in an acid

Question 4

Strong bases

Answer 4

The oxides or hydroxides of group 1+2 metals
E.g. Sodium oxide
sodium hydroxide
Magnesium oxide

Question 5

Weak base

Answer 5

Ammonia

Question 6

Alkali

Answer 6

Base that dissolves in water

Question 7

Characteristic reaction of acids

Answer 7

Acid + Base -> salt + water
Acid + Metal -> salt + hydrogen gas
Acid + carbonate/ hydrogen carbonate -> salt + water + carbon dioxide gas

Question 8

Basicity of acids

Answer 8

Number of replaceable hydrogens in the acid
Monobasic - 1 replaced
dibasic -2 replaced

Question 9

Arrhenius theory

Answer 9

Acid in water produces H+ (hydrogen ions)
Base in water produces OH- (hydroxyl ions)

Question 10

Brønsted-Lowry Theory

Answer 10

Acid is a proton donor
Base is a proton acceptor

Question 11

Conjugate acid-base pair

Answer 11

Acid+base that differ by a proton

Question 12

Prefixes

Answer 12

1 - meth
2 - eth
3 - prop
4 - but
5 - pent
6 - hex
7 - hept
8 - oct
9 - non
10 - dec

Question 13

Hydrocarbons

Answer 13

Molecules that contain carbon + hydrogen atoms only

Question 14

Homologus theory

Answer 14

A group of molecules with the same functional group:
Have similar chemical properties
Have a gradual change in physical properties with increasing chain length
Have successive members differ by CH3 + CH2
Have the same general formula
Have similar methods of preparations

Question 15

alkanes

Answer 15

All C to C bonds are single bonds

Question 16

alkenes

Answer 16

At least 1 C to C bonds are double bond

Question 17

Alkynes

Answer 17

At least 1 C to C bonds are triple bonds

Question 18

alcohol

Answer 18

At least one C-O-H

Question 19

Allotrope

Answer 19

Different physical forms of all the same element

Question 20

Octane number

Answer 20

A measure of how much a fuel resist knocking

Question 21

knocking

Answer 21

Sound an engine makes when the fuel in the cylinder is not ignited at the correct time

Question 22

Hydrocarbons with long chain

Answer 22

short chains
branching
have ring in their structure

Question 23

Catalytic cracking

Answer 23

A chemical technique where less useful long chain hydrocarbons are heated in the presence of a catalyst to form shorter more useful molecules including alkenes

Question 24

Isomers

Answer 24

Isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different formulas

Question 25

Isomerisation

Answer 25

Heating a hydrocarbon in the presence of a catalyst form a branched isomer with a higher octane number

Question 26

Dehydrocyclisation/recycling

Answer 26

A process where a straight hydrocarbon is converted into a cyclic hydrocarbon with a higher octane number + H2

Question 27

Oxygenates

Answer 27

increase octane number
makes fuel burn cleaner thus reducing harmful emissions
rich in oxygen
Methyl - tert -butyl - ether (MTBE)

Question 28

Crude oil being heated

Answer 28

Refinery gas - fuel
Petrol - Cars
Naphtha - Make chemicals
Kerosene - Jet fuel
Diesel - For diesel engines
Lubricating oil - Oil for car and other machines
Fuel oil - Fuel for ships and factories