Acetylcholine

Question 1

Why is acetylcholine easier to study than other neurotransmitters?

Answer 1

It is is the PNS and is a motor neurotransmitter

Question 2

What is the anabolic pathway?

Answer 2

Choline + Acetyl-coenzyme A ——-> Acetylcholine (ACh) + Coenzyme A

Question 3

What enzyme facilitates the anabolic pathway?

Answer 3

acetyltransferase (ChAT, CAT)

Question 4

What is the catabolic pathway?

Answer 4

Acetylcholine ——-> Acetate + Choline

Question 5

What enzyme facilitates the catabolic pathway?

Answer 5

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)

Question 6

What happens to the choline after degradation of ACh?

Answer 6

The choline is absorbed back into the presynaptic terminal and used to synthesize more ACh

Question 7

What are the two types of cholinergic agonists?

Answer 7

Muscarine and nicotine

Question 8

Are nicotinic receptors ionotropic or metabotropic?

Answer 8

Ionotropic

Question 9

Are nicotinic receptors excitatory or inhibitory?

Answer 9

mostly excitatory working on sodium ion channels

Question 10

Where can you find nicotinic receptors in the PNS?

Answer 10

The neuromuscular juncture between skeletal motor neurons and striated muscles
Synapses between preganglonic and postganglionic neurons throughout the autonomic nervous system.

Question 11

Are muscarinic receptors metabotropic or ionotropic?

Answer 11

metabotropic

Question 12

Where in the central nervous system are cholinergic pathways found?

Answer 12

Corpus Striatum

Question 13

Atropine and Scopolamine

Answer 13

Derived from Bella Donna plant. Antagonist of muscarinic antagonist. Block muscarinic receptors on the Vagas nerve causing increased heart rate. People usually die of cardiac accident.

Question 14

How do people die from atropine?

Answer 14

Increased heart rate.

Blocks sympathetic nervous systerm.

Question 15

Curare

Answer 15

Derived from plants in south America. Antagonist for nicotinic receptors in the PNS. Causes lacid paralysis.

Question 16

Derived from Bella Donna plant. Antagonist of muscarinic antagonist. Block muscarinic receptors on the Vagas nerve causing increased heart rate. People usually die of cardiac accident.

Answer 16

Atropine

Question 17

Derived from plants in south America. Antagonist for nicotinic receptors in the PNS. Causes lacid paralysis.

Answer 17

Curare

Question 18

What is flacid paralysis?

Answer 18

characterized by weakness or paralysis and reduced muscle tone without other obvious cause (e.g., trauma)

Question 19

Alpha-bungarotoxin

Answer 19

Derived from venom of snakes.
Antagonistic for nicotinic receptors in the peripheral nervous system, People poisoned usually die of suffocation Permanently bonds to N1 receptors.

Question 20

Derived from venom of snakes.

Antagonistic for nicotinic receptors in the peripheral nervous system, People poisoned usually die of suffocation

Answer 20

Alpha-bungarotoxin

Question 21

Diisopropyl Fluorophospate (DFP)

Answer 21

The first nerve gas developed during WWII. An anticholinesterase resulting in spastic paralysis.

Question 22

The first nerve gas developed during WWII. An anticholinesterase resulting in spastic paralysis.

Answer 22

Diisopropyl Fluorophosphate

Question 23

Phytostigmine

Answer 23

Anticholinesterase was tried in the treatment of Alzheimer’s now used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis

Question 24

Anticholinesterase was tried in the treatment of Alzheimer’s now used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis

Answer 24

Phytostigmine

Question 25

Myasthenia gravis

Answer 25

Auto-immune disorder where the immune system attacks N1 receptors.
Symptoms:
Fatigue
Fatiguability