ACE Review - Geriatrics

Question 1

what happens to geriatric lung compliance

Answer 1

increase in compliance because decrease in elastic recoil of lung

Question 2

what is the result of increase lung compliance

Answer 2

prolong expiratory phase and decrease expiratory max flow

Question 3

what happens to the bronchioles and small airway as a result of geriatrics increase of compliance 2ndry to decrease elasticity

Answer 3

dilated bronchioles, early colapse of small airway

Question 4

what happens to dead space and diffusion capacity of geriatric

Answer 4

bc dilated bronchioles and colaps small airway early, increase deadspace, and decrease diffusion capacity

Question 5

what happens to total lung capacity of geriatric

Answer 5

same

Question 6

what happens to residual volume

Answer 6

increases

Question 7

what happens to vital capacity

Answer 7

decreases

Question 8

what happens to frc

Answer 8

decreases

Question 9

what happens to maximum expiratory flow

Answer 9

decreases

Question 10

what happens to A-a gradient

Answer 10

increases

Question 11

what happens to closing capacity

Answer 11

increases

Question 12

what is closing capacity

Answer 12

the volume at which alveoli collapse

Question 13

why is the A-a gradient increased in geriatrics

Answer 13

because of increase Closing capcity and decreased frc

Question 14

how is the Closing capcity to FRC in young patients

Answer 14

small ratio

Question 15

how is CC to FRC ratio in 44 year old

Answer 15

equal in the supine position

Question 16

how is the CC to FRC ratio in a 66 year old

Answer 16

equal in the sitting position

Question 17

cardiac. what happens to the cardiac compliance

Answer 17

decreased compliance

Question 18

cardiac. what does decreased compliance do to end diastolic pressure

Answer 18

increase end diastolic pressure bc stiffer walls make pressures higher

Question 19

cardiac. what happens to stroke volume

Answer 19

increase

Question 20

cardiac. how do you get increase stroke volume when there is decrease compliance

Answer 20

because geriatrics have an increase in end diastolic volume.

Question 21

cardiac. what happens to geriatrics resting cardiac index

Answer 21

decrease

Question 22

cardiac. how do you get decrease cardiac index when your stroke volume is increased

Answer 22

bc geriatrics have a decreased heart rate.

Question 23

cardiac. what happens to pulse pressure

Answer 23

increase

Question 24

cardiac. what is the moa for increase pulse pressure

Answer 24

the aorta is less compliant…plus there is increase in stroke volume. so with one contraction, the sbp will be much different than the dbp