ACE 2014-11B Flashcards

0
Q

Most prominent side effect of cisplatin

A

Renal toxicity

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1
Q

Disorder of pregnancy with severe hypoglycemia and elevated serum ammonia levels.

A

Acute fatty liver of pregnancy

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2
Q

Most prominent side effect of vincristine

A

Neurotoxicity

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3
Q

Most prominent side effect of cyclophosphamide

A

Myelosuppression

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4
Q

Most prominent side effect of bleomycin

A

Pulmonary toxicity

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5
Q

Anatomic reference point of zero for transducer for a lumbar CSF drain

A

External auditory meatus

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6
Q

Omphalocele or gastroschisis is associated with congenital cardiac anomalies

A

Omphalocele

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7
Q

FRC is how many mL per kg?

A

30 mL/kg

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8
Q

Risk of meconium stained amniotic fluid is related to gestational age and birth weight in proportion or inverse proportion

A

Proportion

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9
Q

Recommendations for presence of meconium stained amniotic fluid in a vigorous term neonate

A

No intervention required

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10
Q

Most likely clinically significant electrolyte abnormality to occur with prolonged infusion of oxytocin

A

Hyponatremia because of water retention from the vasopressin-like anti diuretic actions of oxytocin

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11
Q

How does increased gastric pH affect the GI absorption of methadone?

A

Increases (eg patient taking a PPI will have increased plasma methadone levels)

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12
Q

Glycine is inhibitory or excitatory neurotransmitter?

A

Inhibitory

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13
Q

Glutamate is inhibitory or excitatory neurotransmitter?

A

Excitatory

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14
Q

Chassaignac tubercle is at what cervical level?

A

It’s the C6 transverse process.

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15
Q

First rib, lung apices usually are located at what cervical level

A

C7

16
Q

Stellate ganglion lies on what border of the longus colli muscle

A

Lateral border

17
Q

Suprascapular nerve originates from which nerve roots?

A

C5-6 with variable contribution from C4

18
Q

Nerve that innervates supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles

A

Suprascapular nerve

19
Q

Three parts to evaluating postoperative respiratory function in patient undergoing lung resection

A
Respiratory mechanics (FEV1)
Gas exchange (DLCO)
Cardiopulmonary function (VO2 max)
20
Q

Climbing 2 flights of stairs corresponds to what VO2 max?

A

12 mL/kg/min

21
Q

Manifestation of acute acetaminophen overdose in the first 24 hours

A

Nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain, pallor, diaphoresis, fatigue

22
Q

Primary treatment for acetaminophen toxicity

A

N-acetylcysteine, which increases synthesis of glutathione which is essential to detoxification of acetaminophen

23
Q

How are the effects of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockade changed when a patient has burns on more than 30% of body surface

A
Decreased sensitivity (larger dose needed)
Prolonged onset of action 
Shortened duration of action
24
Q

Methemoglobin shifts oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve in what direction

A

Left

25
Q

Sulfhemoglobin shifts oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve in what direction

A

Right

26
Q

What’s the antidote for sulfhemoglobin?

A

None, elimination of sulfhemoglobin occurs with the destruction of the red blood cell

27
Q

Pain relief from codeine comes from metabolism of codeine to what?

A

Morphine

28
Q

Codeine is metabolized by what enzyme?

A

P450 enzyme, specifically cytochrome CYP2D6

29
Q

Medications that are best known as CYP2D6 inhibitors

A

SSRI (fluoxetine, paroxetine), diphenhydramine, bupropion.

30
Q

Medications that are best known as CYP2D6 inducers

A

Dexamethasone, rifampicin.

31
Q

Antibiotics that prolong neuromuscular blockade

A

Aminoglycosides, penicillins, polymyxins, bacitracin

32
Q

Proposed mechanism for prolonged neuromuscular blockade by aminoglycosides

A

Decreased release of acetylcholine: 1) competition with calcium 2) modification of prejunctional membrane

33
Q

Bier block is safer with lidocaine or prilocaine

A

Prilocaine