ABA Part I Keywords

Question 0

Age when closing capacity and FRC equalize in upright position

Answer 0

66

Question 1

Age when closing capacity and FRC equalize in supine position

Answer 1

44

Question 2

Most important reason for increased A-a gradient with aging

Answer 2

Increased V-Q mismatch

Question 3

Mechanism of action of nerve agents

Answer 3

Nerve agents inhibit acetylcholinesterase causing severe parasympathetic effects.

Question 4

Most common complication with retrobulbar block

Answer 4

Retrobulbar hemorrhage

Question 5

How to calculate standard error of the mean (SEM) from standard deviation (SD)

Answer 5

SEM = SD / (square root of sample size)

Question 6

Vasopressor of choice for hypotensive aortic stenosis patient

Answer 6

Phenylephrine

Question 7

Pharmacologic strategies for mitral regurgitation

Answer 7

Ephedrine, epinephrine, milrinone, dobutamine

Question 8

Treatment of choice for polymorphic ventricular tachycardia

Answer 8

Magnesium (polymorphic v tach is torsade de pointes)

Question 9

Treatment for post CPB hypotension refractory to typical vasopressors

Answer 9

Methylene blue

Question 10

Treatment for unstable SVT

Answer 10

Synchronized cardioversion

Question 11

Periop management of Addison’s disease

Answer 11

Hydrocortisone 100 mg IV q24hrs, treatment of hypovolemia, hyperkalemia, and hyponatremia

Question 12

Most common cause of febrile transfusion reaction

Answer 12

Recipient antibodies directed against HLA antigens on donor WBCs or platelets

Question 13

Blood transfusion risk for IgA deficient patient

Answer 13

Anaphylaxis

Question 14

What type of cardiac dysfunction occurs in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)

Answer 14

Cardiomyopathy

Question 15

EKG changes with a subarachnoid bleed

Answer 15

Ventricular arrhythmias

Question 16

Mechanism of organophosphate toxicity

Answer 16

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, leading to cholinergic crisis

Question 17

Perioperative risk factors for acute renal failure

Answer 17

Age > 59, emergent surgery, chronic liver disease, BMI > 32, high risk surgery, peripheral vascular disease, severe COPD

Question 18

Electrolyte abnormalities with renal failure

Answer 18

Elevated electrolytes: K, phos, Mg

Decreased electrolytes: Na, Ca

Question 19

Hemodialysis complications

Answer 19

Cerebral edema, headache, nausea, hypercalcemia, fever, arrhythmias, bleeding, infection, anemia

Question 20

Hyperammonemia is caused by what during TURP

Answer 20

Glycine is metabolized to ammonia, leading to encephalopathy

Question 21

Plateau pressure is a measurement of what type of compliance

Answer 21

Static compliance

Question 22

Peak pressure is a measurement of what type of compliance

Answer 22

Dynamic compliance

Question 23

Mechanism of action for bivalrudin

Answer 23

Direct thrombin inhibitor

Question 24

Mechanism of action of bumetanide

Answer 24

Loop diuretic, 40 times more potent than furosemide

Question 25

Flumazenil half life

Answer 25

7-15 min, shorter than many benzodiazepines, so redosing may be required

Question 26

Inhaled anesthetic that has greatest risk of producing carbon monoxide with dessicated CO2 absorbers

Answer 26

Desflurane

Question 27

Baralyme or soda lime has greater risk of producing carbon monoxide

Answer 27

Baralyme

Question 28

What to do if epidural catheter is disconnected.

Answer 28

Clean open ends with alcohol, then in sterile technique, cut the catheter before placing new connector piece

Question 29

Dalton's Law

Answer 29

Total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases in a fixed volume is equal to the sum of each gas partial pressure

Question 30

What is b-mode on ultrasound

Answer 30

B mode is 2D mode.

Question 31

Contraindications to TEE

Answer 31

Absolute: any esophageal disease like stricture, perforation, spasm, diverticula

Question 32

Endocrine effects of acute pain

Answer 32

Increasing ACTH, ADH, glucagon, and catecholamines

Question 33

IV anesthetics that can increase SSEP amplitude

Answer 33

Ketamine, etomidate

Question 34

Hepatitis B needle stick prophylaxis treatment

Answer 34

Hep B immune globulin and/or Hep B vaccine

Question 35

Treatment for organophosphate poisoning

Answer 35

Atropine (to dry excessive airway secretions) and pralidoxime (reactivates acetylcholinesterase)

Question 36

TPN effect on gut tissue

Answer 36

Reduction in gut associated lymphoid tissue

Question 37

ABG in pregnancy

Answer 37

Respiratory alkalosis with slight metabolic acidosis to compensate

Question 38

Mechanism of action for gabapentin

Answer 38

Unknown exactly, but blocks voltage-dependent calcium channels that modulate excitatory neurotransmitter release

Question 39

drug approved for treatment of opioid induced constipation

Answer 39

methylnaltrexone

Question 40

Treatment for trigeminal neuralgia

Answer 40

carbamezapine, gabapentin