Accident 2 3

Question 1

concerned with the investigation and reporting of the facts relating to the history of the flight and to the activity of the flight crew before during and after the flight in which the accident occurred.

Answer 1

OPERATIONS INVESTIGATION

Question 2

in addition to the flight crew the investigation should be extended to those?

Answer 2

personnel who are directly involved with the operations of the aircraft

Question 3

should be examined when their role in the planning and execution of the flight operations is involved

Answer 3

flight operations officers or dispatchers

Question 4

a study of the facts pertaining to the crew forms an important part of both the operations and human factors investigations

Answer 4

crew history

Question 5

because operations and human factors investigations are closely related a _____ is required to achieve the best possible use of the information collected.

Answer 5

high degree of coordination in the collection of the relevant facts

Question 6

The evaluation of the crew members activities is not solely of interest to those concerned with the Operations Investigation; in many instances such an evaluation is also relevant to the _____ _____ _____.

Answer 6

Human Factors Evacuation Search and Rescue and Fire Prevention investigations

Question 7

Investigators should determine the individual crew members level of qualifications to determine whether the flight was conducted in accordance the crew’s experience or training

Answer 7

Crew Qualifications/Proficiency

Question 8

do not indicate a level of proficiency necessary to accommodate the flight conditions encountered

Answer 8

Initial qualifications

Question 9

There are State-regulations on the length of a crew flight and duty period and the amount of rest expected prior to commencing flight activities

Answer 9

Crew Flight Duty and Rest Period

Question 10

In conjunction with the ____ the adequacy of crew rest periods should be evaluated.

Answer 10

Human Factors Group Investigation

Question 11

In the cases of long flight and duty periods or extended operations the _____ may become a factor

Answer 11

management of the crew duty period

Question 12

Frequently it is not enough to evaluate crew actions during an emergency situation with regard to the single emergency action performed or required.

Answer 12

Task Management Crew Resource Management (CRM)

Question 13

Investigators need to look at the total situation requiring _____. If the necessary actions are performed without distractions or other conditions present the procedure required is usually straight forward.

Answer 13

crew attention

Question 14

Effective design principles are brought to bear when designing the aircraft crew stations.

Answer 14

Human-Machine Interfaces

Question 15

designed to be accessible when necessary and instruments and warning lights placed for effective visibility

Answer 15

controls

Question 16

considered when designing placement of controls and displays

Answer 16

height weight reach and range of motion

Question 17

all equipment provided or taken by crew for use in performance of their duties needs evaluation for effectiveness and appropriateness

Answer 17

personal equipment

Question 18

for many operations a flight plan is prepared and filed with air traffic control agencies this will provide the investigator with certain specific data which will require detailed examination

Answer 18

flight planning

Question 19

in the case of ____ the flight crew usually establish with the assistance of flight operations officers a detailed technical flight plant or navigation log that can be used to advantage by the investigator

Answer 19

commercial operations

Question 20

case of commercial operations the flight crew usually establish with the assistance of flight operations officers a ____ or _____ that can be used to advantage by the investigator

Answer 20

detailed technical flight plant or navigation log

Question 21

a weight and balance sheet based on the planned flight and weather conditions may have been prepared.

Answer 21

weight and balance

Question 22

it may be necessary to establish what maps and charts were provided for navigational purposes and to examine their adequacy and accuracy in relation to the navigational effort involved in the flight.

Answer 22

maps charts and navigational databases

Question 23

this might also include an analysis of where the charts differ in any important respect from the ______ since _____ is basic to intelligent chart use

Answer 23

Standards” in Annex 4 // “uniformity

Question 24

The basic source of information concerning aircraft performance is the ____ the provision of which is a requirement as a Standard in Annex 6.

Answer 24

Flight Manual

Question 25

The basic source of information concerning aircraft performance is the Flight Manual the provision of which is a requirement as a _______.

Answer 25

Standard in Annex 6

Question 26

The investigator should bear in mind that in some States it may be the responsibility of the police to interview during an investigation of an accident

Answer 26

Witness Interviews

Question 27

It may be desirable because of the circumstances of the accident to form a _____ for locating witnesses and interviewing them.

Answer 27

Witness Group

Question 28

_______ is one of the investigator's main tasks; information thus obtained can in fact furnish a lead as it goes hand-in-hand with the material evidence unearthed in examination of the site and the wreckage and can complement it or clarify

Answer 28

Collecting evidence

Question 29

the investigator must not however overlook ____ and must exercise great

Answer 29

human fallibility

Question 30

the reconstruction of the last stage of the flight i.e. the accident phase necessitates close coordination between many group of the investigation but it is the primary concern of the Operations investigation.

Answer 30

final flight path determination

Question 31

the reconstruction of the last stage of the flight i.e. the accident phase necessitates close coordination between many group of the investigation but it is the primary concern of the ______.

Answer 31

Operations investigation

Question 32

the intention should be to build up a ______ as they occurred in proper sequence and evaluate their interrelationship

Answer 32

complete picture of the final events

Question 33

the enumeration of the above information should bring to light the items of importance in the operations investigation in relation to the other areas of accident investigation

Answer 33

sequence of flight

Question 34

main contribution to any flight reconstruction

Answer 34

synthesis of all the data obtained by operations investigation

Question 35

The ____ normally will be responsible for gathering factual information and performing analyses related to the aircraft performance and to aircraft handling qualities

Answer 35

Aircraft Performance Group

Question 36

relates to determining and analyzing the path and attitude of the aircraft as it traveled through the air or on the surface prior to impact.

Answer 36

performance investigation

Question 37

may also be responsible to evaluate the aircraft's motion following impact until the aircraft finally came to rest

Answer 37

Performance Group

Question 38

relates to determining and performing objective and subjective analyses of the aircraft's reaction to atmospheric conditions and pilot inputs and automatic flight stability control interactions.

Answer 38

Handling qualities investigation

Question 39

One of the basic functions of the Performance Group is to documentand analyze the motion of the aircraft through the air or on thesurface. This includes not only the path of the aircraft through the air butalso the aircraft pitch roll and yaw attitudes.

Answer 39

Determining the flight or ground path of the aircraft

Question 40

first task of the Performance Group obtain data to determine and document the path and attitude of the aircraft leading up to the mishap which may include ____ ___ ___.

Answer 40

path in the air while on the ground or a combination of both

Question 41

One of the basic functions of the performance group is

Answer 41

to document and analyze the motion of the aircraft through the air or on the surface.

Question 42

Determining the flight or ground path of the aircraft includes not only the path of the aircraft through the air but also the aircraft's

Answer 42

pitch roll and yaw attitudes

Question 43

In accidents where some loss of control is evident or suspected the Performance Group will need to evaluate the handling qualities orstability and control of the aircraft.

Answer 43

Assessing handling qualities

Question 44

in accidents where some loss of control is evident or suspected the Performance Group will need to?

Answer 44

evaluate the handling qualities or stability and control of the aircraft

Question 45

refers to the inherent nature of the aircraft to return to or diverge from its initial trimmed condition following disturbance

Answer 45

stability

Question 46

refers to the response of the aircraft in motion away from its initial trimmed condition

Answer 46

control

Question 47

Trajectory analysis (determining the path or trajectory of an object separating from the aircraft) is a frequent task of the Performance Group. Although referred to as trajectoryanalysis the activity can be considered part of the fact-gathering portion of theinvestigation as it involves performing repeatable mathematical calculations rather than interpreting the facts and circumstances of the accident.

Answer 47

Performing wreckage trajectory analysis

Question 48

(determining the path or trajectory of an object separating from the aircraft) is a frequent task of the performance group

Answer 48

trajectory analysis

Question 49

can be considered part of the fact-gathering portion of the investigation as it involves performing repeatable mathematical calculations rather than interpreting the facts and circumstances of the accident

Answer 49

trajectory analysis

Question 50

trajectory analysis can be considered part of the fact-gathering portion of the investigation as it involves _____ ____ rather than ____.

Answer 50

performing repeatable mathematical calculations rather than interpreting the facts and circumstances of the accident

Question 51

Because the Performance Group has responsibility for determining thepath of the aircraft it has a major role in investigating in-airand on-ground collisions and near-collisions.

Answer 51

evaluating collisions (and near collisions)

Question 52

Because the Performance Group has responsibility for determining thepath of the aircraft it has a major role in

Answer 52

investigating in-air and on-ground collisions and near-collisions

Question 53

In the event of an airborne flight control system or structure failure oraircraft breakup the Performance Group may be called to work with theStructures Group to calculate aerodynamic loads imparted onindividual parts of the aircraft.

Answer 53

determining aerodynamic loads

Question 54

In the event of an airborne flight control system or structure failure or aircraft breakup the Performance Group may be

Answer 54

called to work with the Structures Group to calculate aerodynamicloads imparted on individual parts of the aircraft.

Question 55

The interaction of structural deflections and aerodynamic forces and momentsis referred to as aero elasticity. The interactions can take place statically or dynamically. The Performance Group may need tounderstand aero elastic characteristics for occurrences at highspeeds

Answer 55

evaluating aero elasticity or flutter

Question 56

The interaction of structural deflections and aerodynamic forces and momentsis referred to as aero elasticity. The interactions can take place statically or dynamically. The Performance Group may need

Answer 56

to understand aero elastic characteristics for occurrences at highspeeds

Question 57

Often mishaps involving controllability problems cannot be evaluated bysimple analyses. Aerodynamic simulations or actual flight tests must be conducted to adequately understand the problem. The performance group is normally responsible to plan and perform the studies involving aerodynamic simulations and flight test

Answer 57

Developing and performing simulations

Question 58

Often mishaps involving controllability problems cannot be evaluated bysimple analyses. Aerodynamic simulations or actual flight tests must be conducted to adequately understand the problem. The performance group is normally responsible to

Answer 58

plan and perform the studies involving aerodynamic simulations and flight test

Question 59

In certain cases flight or ground testing is necessary to obtained information that cannot be obtained by analysis wind tunnel testing simulations etc. Flight testing is usually a last resort because of the cost and lead time involved.Ground testing (taxi takeoff or stationary testing) is less expensive but can still require considerable planning and lead time.

Answer 59

Conducting aircraft tests (flight and ground testing)

Question 60

usually a last resort because of the cost and lead time involved

Answer 60

Flight testing

Question 61

is less expensive but can still require considerable planning and lead time.

Answer 61

Ground testing

Question 62

The Performance Group is often involved in producing computer animations of the accident sequence. A major responsibility of the group is to insure that the animation accurately reflects the motion of the aircraft

Answer 62

preparing computer animations

Question 63

A major responsibility of the group is to insure that the animation?

Answer 63

accurately reflects the motion of the aircraft

Question 64

Because a significant number of accidents occur during takeoff or landing the Performance Group is often required to perform landing or takeoff distance analyses. These calculations are complex because they involve analyzing changing aerodynamic propulsion and rolling friction forces.

Answer 64

evaluating takeoff and landing performance

Question 65

Because a significant number of accidents occur during takeoff or landing the Performance Group is often required to perform?

Answer 65

landing or takeoff distance analyses

Question 66

should determine what data the Performance Group needs to collect itself and ensure that the other investigation groups will gather the remainingneeded data.

Answer 66

Performance Group Chairman

Question 67

can be extremely useful for the Performance Group. However each FDR parameter used must be evaluated for proper readout reliability and accuracy

Answer 67

Flight Data Recorder

Question 68

may survive the impact and can supplement data from the FDR

Answer 68

Quick Access Recorder (QAR)

Question 69

Even if a good FDR data set is obtained the _____ should be examined to help check or to supplement the FDR data.

Answer 69

Quick Access Recorder

Question 70

is becoming increasingly available from non-volatile memory (NVM).

Answer 70

Aircraft system recorded data

Question 71

is generally not crash hardened it often survives impact and some degree ofheat exposure

Answer 71

non-volatile memory (NVM)

Question 72

Many aircraft automatically transmit performance and maintenance data tosatellite or ground stations for various maintenance purposes. The data is usually recorded for pre-determined phases of flight (for example takeoff initial climb cruise etc.) and certain engine or systemexceedences or failures. This data may be of limited value because itnormally consists of "snapshots" of information rather than a time history ofdata from the FDR or QAR.

Answer 72

ACARS4

Question 73

Many aircraft automatically transmit performance and maintenance data tosatellite or ground stations for various maintenance purposes. The data is usually recordedfor

Answer 73

pre-determined phases of flight (for example takeoff initial climb cruise etc.) and certain engine or system exceedences or failures

Question 74

can be a valuable source of information for the Performance Group. It isimportant that the processing and accuracy of the data is thoroughly understood before it is used.

Answer 74

Recorded Radar Data

Question 75

The accuracy of the data is dependent on?

Answer 75

the type of radar and the distance between the aircraft and the radar antenna

Question 76

both on the ground and on the wreckage can provide valuable information to understand the aircraft attitude and path at impact

Answer 76

impact marks

Question 77

should be thoroughly measured and documented as soon as possible as they areoften obscured during the investigation

Answer 77

impact marks

Question 78

also referred to as witness marks and ground scars

Answer 78

impact marks

Question 79

Increasingly common videos recordings mobile telephones and surveillancecameras provide video or still images and are useful to the performanceinvestigator.

Answer 79

Videos and surveillance cameras

Question 80

may be the least reliable source of information for the Performance Group but evaluated properly can provide some useful information.

Answer 80

eye-witness accounts

Question 81

will often provide information useful to the Performance Group. The soundof the nose gear over runway pavement seams can sometimes be used todetermine aircraft speed. Engine sounds can be used to determine enginespeed. Touchdown or liftoff times can often be obtained as can the times forspeed brake deployment stall warning altitude alerter ground proximity warnings radar altimeter callouts etc.

Answer 81

The Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR)

Question 82

can sometimes be used to determine aircraft speed

Answer 82

sound of the nose gear over runway pavement seams

Question 83

can be used to determine engine speed

Answer 83

Engine sounds

Question 84

Touchdown or liftoff times can often be obtained as can the times for

Answer 84

speed brake deployment stall warning altitude alerter ground proximity warnings radar altimeter callouts etc

Question 85

may provide information valuable to the Performance Group. Events not recorded on Bother aircraft recorders (FDR CVR etc.) may be captured on this

Answer 85

Airborne Image Recorders (AIR)

Question 86

this have not be widely utilized so the full extent of the information they can provideis not yet realized.

Answer 86

Airborne Image Recorders (AIR)

Question 87

can be of significant value to the Performance Group. Wind data is of particularvalue as it is necessary to correlate aircraft motion relative to the air mass to the motion relative to the ground. Some aircraft flight managementsystems compute wind speed and direction from inertial airspeed and heading information. Whenever possible the performance investigator should cross-check this with the wind reported by ground sources

Answer 87

meteorological data

Question 88

Some aircraft flight management systems compute?

Answer 88

wind speed and direction from inertial airspeed and heading information