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Cell Bio Block 3 > Accessory Organs To Digestion > Flashcards

Accessory Organs To Digestion Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

What are the 6 main functions of the liver?

A 
Bile production
Metabolic pathways 
Produces plasma proteins 
Degrades drugs and toxins
Stores and converts several vitamins and iron
Endocrine
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1
Q

What is the covering of the liver?

A

Glissons capsule

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2
Q

What are the major functions of bile?

A

Aids in lipid digestion

Disposal of waste products

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3
Q

What are the two sources of blood supply to the liver?

A

Hepatic artery

Hepatic portal vein

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4
Q

What are the parenchyma of the liver?

A

Organized plates of hepatocytes

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5
Q

What is the connective tissue stroma of the liver ?

A

Continuations of the fibrous capsule in the liver itself

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6
Q

What are the sinusoidal capillaries?

A

Vascular channels between plates of hepatocytes than allow leakage through them to the hepatocytes into the space of disse

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7
Q

What are the spaces of disse in the liver?

A

The space between the sinusoidal endothelium and the hepatocytes where plasma leaks into and hepatocyte cilia are found

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8
Q

What does the classic model of looking at the liver center around?

A

Central vein in the middle

Corners are portal triads

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9
Q

What does the portal model of the liver designed to emphasize?

A

Exocrine function (bile)

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10
Q

What is the portal model centered around physically?

A

Portal triad in the middle

Central vein on the corners

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11
Q

What is the liver acinus model good at showing?

A

Correlation between liver pathology, blood perfusion, and metabolic activity

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12
Q

Where is the short axis in the liver acinus model?

A

Between two triads

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13
Q

Where is the long axis in the liver acinus model?

A

Between two terminal hepatic venules

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14
Q

Which zone cells are the first to show effects of reduced perfusion?

A

Zone 3

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15
Q

Which zone cells are the first to show effects of bile obstruction?

A

Zone 1

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16
Q

Where is the site of exchange in the liver?

A

Space of disse

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17
Q

In a fetus, what is also found in the space of disse?

A

Islands of blood forming cells

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18
Q

What cells are found in the space of disse in adults?

A

Ito cells (hepatic stellate cells)

19
Q

What do Ito cells do?

A

Store vitamin a

20
Q

What happens to Ito cells in pathological conditions?

A

Turn into myofibroblasts

21
Q

Plasma that remains in the space of disse drains where?

A

Into the space of mall to
Lymphatic capillaries to
thoracic duct

22
Q

What are 5 prominent organelles of hepatocytes?

A 
Peroxisomes
RER
Lysosomes
Golgi
SER
23
Q

What do all the bile canaliculi come together and form?

A

Canal of hering

24
Q

What cells are speculated to be found in the canal of hering?

A

Hepatic stem cells

25
Q

What mucosa is the gallbladder?

A

Simple columnar epithelium

26
Q

What organelle are the epithelial cells of the gallbladder rich in?

A

Mitochondria

27
Q

What is the main function of the gallbladder?

A

Store bile, concentrate it, and release it

28
Q

What controls the contraction of the gallbladder?

A

CCK

29
Q

Where is the endocrine portion of the pancreas found?

A

Islets of langerhans

30
Q

What do acinar cells do in the pancreas?

A

Release and store pro enzymes

31
Q

What are the enzymes released by the acinar cells?

A

Proteolytic enzymes
Amylase
Lipases
Nucleates

32
Q

Pro enzymes are made active in the small intestine by what two enzymes?

A

Enterokinase makes trypsin

Trypsin activates others

33
Q

What two hormones control pancreatic secretion and are produced in the enteroendocrine cells?

A

CCK

Secretin

34
Q

How does gastric acid interact with secretin?

A

Stimulus for it

It stimulates intercalated duct cells to release bicarbonate to neutralize acid

35
Q

How does CCK up regulate pancreatic secretion?

A

It is stimulated by lipids and gastric acid

It causes acinar cells to produce pro enzymes

36
Q

What are the three major cell types in islets of langerhans ?

A

Alpha
Beta
Delta

37
Q

What do beta cells secrete?

A

Insulin

38
Q

What do alpha cells secrete?

A

Glucagon

39
Q

What do delta cells secrete?

A

Somatostatin

40
Q

What are the three minor cells of the pancreas?

A

PP cells (f cells)
D-1cells
EC cells

41
Q

What do pp cells secrete?

A

Pancreatic polypeptide

42
Q

What do D-1 cells secrete?

A

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide

43
Q

What do ec cells secrete?

A

Secretin
Motilin
Substance p

44
Q

What is the major function of the endocrine pancreas?

A

Regulate blood glucose levels!

45
Q

What is the function of somatostatin ?

A

Inhibits insulin and glucagon

Cell Bio Block 3 (9 decks)

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