Accessibility Standards and Laws Flashcards
1
Q
What is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?
A
- UN adopted in 1948 after WWII
- First of its kind to establish fundamental human rights
- Foundation of international human rights laws
- Spells out reasons for the document & 30 articles that state fundamental human rights ranging from right to life, liberty, equality, spiritual and political freedoms, to social, cultural, and economic rights
2
Q
What is the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD)?
A
- Adopted in 2006, opened for signature 2007, entered into force 2008 with optional protocol
- Most important political and democratic expression of will to grant equal human rights to people with disabilities at global level
- Pushes and monitors nat’l legislation, administration and implementation and provision of Accessibility, AT, and universal design
- Key instrument for people with disabilities to fight discrimination and exclusion and promote inclusion, accessibility, and equal opportunities
3
Q
What is the Marrakesh Treaty?
A
- Marrakesh Treaty to Facilitate Access to Published Works for Persons who are Blind, Visually Impaired, or Otherwise Print Disabled
- For people with print disabilities
- Aims to end “book famine” faced by people with print disabilities
- Creates copyright exception so ppl with print disability don’t need to seek permission to create accessible formats of copyrighted materials
4
Q
What is the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights?
A
- Unifies fundamental personal freedoms and rights of all EU citizens
- Recognizes and respects right of ppl with disabilities, their integration/participation in society, and non-discrimination
- Preceded by other European treaties: (1) European Convention on Human Rights - grants fundamental civil & political rights to everyone + (2) European Social Charter - guarantees fundamental social & economic rights and independence, social integration to people with disabilities
5
Q
What is the African Charter on Human & People’s Rights?
A
- Recognizes rights of all people, although it doesn’t specify disability
- African Disability Rights Protocol was adopted in 2018: protects human rights of ppl with disabilities + specific provisions about armed conflicts & forced displacements and broader provisions on harmful practices
- Hasn’t reached 15 ratifications needed to come into force as of 2023
6
Q
What is the Inter-American Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Persons with Disabilities?
A
- adopted 1999, before CRPD in Guatemala as first regional treaty prohibiting discrimination against people with disabilities
- Reaffirmed that people with disabilities have same rights and freedoms as other people
- Talks about eliminating discrimination, accessiblity for buildings + transportation
7
Q
What are civil rights laws?
A
- Based on social disability model and attempt to secure equal rights for people with disabilities by requiring social institutions (gov’ts, corporations, educational institutions, etc.) to reduce/eliminate discriminatory disabling conditions in society
- Focus on equality rather than fostering social welfare provisions
- Recognize that people with disabilities are people with rights, not problems
8
Q
What is the Equality Act 2010?
A
- Passed in UK in 2010, purpose was to unify and strengthen anti-discrimination laws in workplace & society
- Prohibits direct & indirect discrimination based on protected characteristics, incl. disability
- Specific provisions relate to accessible transport, accessibility for students with disabilities, sets limits on when employers can ask applications about disability or health
9
Q
What is the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)?
A
- Prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in employment, architectural design, transportation, exams, and other services offering “public accommodation”
- Says nothing about web accessibility explicitly but often used as basis for legal complaint because of word “public accommodation”
- Title II: state & local gov’ts, Title III: private places of “public accommodation”
- Enforced by US Dept of Justice Civil Rights Division (for education institutions, US Dept of Education Office of Civil Rights)
10
Q
What is the Ontarians with Disabilities Act of 2001?
A
- Ensures rights of people with disabilities to equal opportunities and to prohibit discrimination on the basis of disability
11
Q
What is the Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA)?
A
- Applies to every person or org in the public and private sectors of the Province of Ontario
12
Q
What is the EU Employment Equality Directive?
A
- Adopted 2000, prohibits discrimination based on disability in employment and occupation and requires reasonable accommodation for people with disabilities
- Anti-Discrimination Directed (for realms outside of employment) was proposed but not adopted. In healthcare, EU members fall into 4 categories: (1) prohibits discrimination, (2) requires reasonable accommodation, (3) both, (4) neither
13
Q
What is Japan’s Act on the Elimination of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities?
A
- Est 2013
- Prohibits discrimination based on disability and requires orgs & private entities to provide necessary accommodations that remove barriers that ppl with disabilities face
14
Q
What are procurement laws?
A
Refers to process of gov’t entities purchasing goods/services from external sources
15
Q
What is Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act in the U.S.?
A
Require U.S. gov’t to take accessibility into account when procuring information technologies. Applies to anyone working with gov’t also
