access to healthcare, peace and political stability, education, gender equality

Question 1

education background?

Answer 1

• In Australia, education is government funded (often free) and compulsory – not so in many developing countries; only available to those who can afford it.

Question 2

education effects?

Answer 2

• Enables literacy
o Understand health promotion messages
o Leads to employment and income – resources conducive to health.
• Women who are educated are more likely to:
o Adopt health promotion behaviours – immunise children, implement methods to reduce transmission of infectious disease
o Have fewer children – so each of them have more resources/income for education, food, healthcare; less pressure on schools and hospitals

Question 3

access to healthcare backrougn?

Answer 3

• Australia’s universal healthcare scheme Medicare gives all Australians access to free/heavily subsidised necessary healthcare. People from other countries often have to pay for it themselves.
• Some developing countries don’t have enough money to be able to provide adequate healthcare to its citizens. Also individual citizens living in poverty might not be able to afford it.

Question 4

access to healthcare effects?

Answer 4

• Diseases can develop and progress – morbidity, mortality…
• Less access to immunisation – vaccine-preventable diseases can spread.
• Less skilled healthcare workers to deal with with pregnancy complications, which could otherwise be worked through and death could be prevented.

Question 5

peace background?

Answer 5

• Affected by political stability.

* Australia doesn’t have borders – border disputes are a catalyst for conflict

Question 6

peace effects?

Answer 6

• Loss of life
• Destruction of physical environment and infrastructure, leading to less access to:
o Food
o Healthcare
o Water and sanitation supplies
o Electricity supplies
• More mental health problems
• Causes people to become refugees and IDP’s, and can be put in camps with less access to food, water etc.
• Difficult for aid workers to reach sites
• Women are at higher risk of rape/abuse.
• Long lasting impacts – destroyed infrastructure, landmines…

Question 7

political stability background?

Answer 7

• Enables human rights to be upheld
• Political instability usually caused when a person/group tries to gain power in an unlawful/violent manner.
• Australia’s political system is a democracy, and is set up in such a way that reduces the risk of dictatorships/political coups, other countries are not so lucky.
• Leads to conflict (opposite of peace)

Question 8

political stability effects?

Answer 8

• Breakdown of law and order due to corruption
• Trade restrictions placed by UN/individual countries on countries being governed illegally, leading to economic hardship.
• Unemployment – due to strained econom
Human rights abuses – people opposing the ruling party might be persecuted – this involves harassment, exclusion and imprisonment. For example activists might riot streets, inflicting violence/rape on people opposing ruling parity.

Question 9

effects of gender equality?

Answer 9

women less likely to be educated -> less literacy, limited jobs which can be dangerous, badly paid, labrous (prostitution, tending to crops, cooking meals)
less women hold seats in parliament - little say in issues affecting half of the pop
often last to be fed - leading to malnutrition.
gender norms can mkae men sole decision makers (eg. bangladesh floods)
women often expected ot abide by father/husbands decisions, otherwise violence results.