Accelerators

Question 1

Basis of accelerators

Answer 1

Using electric fields and magnetic fields to accelerate particles

Question 2

Lorentz Force on a particle

Answer 2

F = qE + qv x B

Question 3

Larmor Radius

Answer 3

• r = mv/qB
• Centripetal Force = Magnetic Force

Question 4

Linear Accelerators (LINAC)

Answer 4

• Series of accelerating stages in a linear path
• Can accelerate electrons
• Very long

Question 5

Cyclotron

Answer 5

• Rolled up LINAC accelerating particles across 2 Ds
• Time inside a D = πm/Bq (constant)
• Doesn’t work on relativistic particles (v α r)
• Compact and Cheap
• Only for low energy particles

Question 6

Synchrotron

Answer 6

• Particles are accelerated in a circle with constant r, changing B
• Consists of accelerating cavities, guiding magnets and extraction magnet
• Emits synchrotron radiation - Photons
• Energy Loss: ΔE = (E/M)^4 1/r
• Energy loss limits energy of particles