AC4.1

Question 1

Psychoanalysis - what did it focus on?

Answer 1

Focused on crime being the cause of a poorly developed superego

Question 2

Psychoanalysis - what did treatment involve?

Answer 2

Therapy sessions bringing forth unconscious conflicts and emotions through use of hypnosis

Question 3

Psychoanalysis - who conducted these treatmants?

Answer 3

Freud

Question 4

Psychoanalysis - what was he trying to teach the patient?

Answer 4

How to better behave and develop their morales

Question 5

Psychoanalysis - was it effective?

Answer 5

No, 44% of patients treated for neurosis showed improvement compared to 72% treated by hospitals

Question 6

Psychoanalysis - cons

Answer 6

-Costly and time consuming treatments

Question 7

Token Economy - how can criminal behaviour be learned?

Answer 7

Criminal behaviour can be learned through reinforcment and punishment

Question 8

Token Economy - what is it?

Answer 8

Is a behaviour modification strategy where a person is given a reward for performing a desirable behaviour

Question 9

Token Economy - how does it work?

Answer 9

When an inmate shows a desirable behaviour, they are rewarded with a token

Question 10

Token Economy - what can tokens be used on?

Answer 10

Can be exchanged for a desired reward (e.g. Sweets, phone calls and cigarettes)

Question 11

Token Economy - what does it aim to do?

Answer 11

Good behaviour should become more likely and perhaps other inmates will see it and do the same

Question 12

Token Economy - effective?

Answer 12

Policy has been known to be effective in a prison, but once the reinforcment stops (prisoners released) so does the positive behaviour

Question 13

Token Economy - effects of the policy

Answer 13

Offenders return to crime more slowly than those who didn’t receive token economy

Question 14

Aversion Therapy - which theory does it apply to?

Answer 14

Applies to eysencks personality theory

Question 15

Aversion Therapy - why was a stronger treatment needed?

Answer 15

As eysenck describes criminals as extraverted and neurotic, it makes them more resistant to punishment, therefore a stronger treatment is needed to condition them

Question 16

Aversion Therapy - how does it work?

Answer 16

Offenders are given an unacceptable or criminal image, then given a strongly adverse stimulus

Question 17

Aversion Therapy - why are they given a stimulus?

Answer 17

So they can associate the deviant image with the stimulus

Question 18

Aversion Therapy - effective?

Answer 18

No, as it had very limited and short term effects, while being an abuse of human rights