ac3.2: behavioural tactics

Question 1

CBO - Community Behaviour Order

Answer 1

• replaced ASBOs
• issued by the courts after a person has been convicted
• a person would be banned from certain activities or places and would be required to address their behaviour, e.g. by attending a drug treatment programme
• aimed at serious and persistent offenders
• a breach could result in 5 years in prison (for an adult)

Question 2

CBO - positive contributions to social control

Answer 2

• 56% of ASBOs were breached in 2009, they weren’t working as an effective deterrent - CBOs are effective as they replaced ASBOs
• CBOs focus more on treatment, generally positive conditions to improve offenders’ lives, rather than the negative conditions of the ASBO

Question 3

CBO - negative contributions to social control

Answer 3

• argued there is only a short term impact and that long term CBOs aren’t effective
• in 2016 the number of them given increased by 35%

Question 4

token economy systems

Answer 4

• based on behaviour modification - reward positive behaviour and punish negative
• the institution creates a list of behaviours they want to promote, when an offender does one they get a token
• tokens can be exchanged for rewards like money, access to tv etc
• sometimes things can be taken away as punishment

Question 5

token economy - positive contributions to social control

Answer 5

• research shows it is effective short term - when offenders are in prison reward schemes work well
• offender can learn how their positive actions get positive rewards

Question 6

token economy - negative contributions to social control

Answer 6

• research shows it doesn’t work well long term
• when they get out of prison the token isn’t implemented in daily life - they may not want to behave well if they know they won’t be rewarded
• they may only behave well in prison because they know they’ll be rewarded - have they actually changed?

Question 7

disciplinary procedures and institutional tactics

Answer 7

• some institutions have their own rules and guidance on how to maintain control in their organisation
• one of the main organisations is prison

Question 8

family

Answer 8

rules
- doing chores
- not fighting

possible sanctions
- grounding

Question 9

school

Answer 9

rules
- doing homework
- not talking in class

possible sanctions
- detention

Question 10

workplace

Answer 10

rules
- dress code
- being on time

possible sanctions
- warning
- lose job

Question 11

army

Answer 11

rules
- dress code
- being respectful

possible sanctions
- discharge

Question 12

prison

Answer 12

rules
- no fighting/committing further crime
- respecting officers

possible sanctions
- segregation
- longer sentence
- remove privileges

Question 13

rules that can be broken in prison

Answer 13

• behaving in a way that could offend, threaten or hurt someone
• stopping prison staff doing their job
• escaping (or attempting to) from prison
• taking drugs or alcohol
• causing damage to the prison
• not doing what the prison staff tell you to
• breaking the rules when temporarily out of the prison (e.g. on a visit)
• committing further crimes inside prison

Question 14

possible sanctions within prison

Answer 14

• extra time added to sentence, up to a max of 42 days for each offence
• could get a caution
• privileges could be taken away for up to 42 days
• up to 84 days worth of any money you earn could be stopped
• put in segregation for up to 35 days

Question 15

gaps in provision

Answer 15

• police can only detect crime if it is brought to their attention - unreported crime cannot be punished
• domestic abuse and white collar crime often go unreported
• budget cuts can impact cases being tackled especially within the police service
• often the requirement to adhere to one set of laws can prevent others being implemented, creating a gap in provision