ac3.1: explain the role of agencies in achieving social control Flashcards
police - aims and objectives
- protect the public
- patrol the streets to look for crime
- maintain order
- make arrests
- investigate crime
- identify suspects
police - funding
funded by the government via taxes
police - philosophy
- integrity
- impartiality
- public service
- transparency
- equality and diversity
police - working practices
- sergeant
- lieutenant
- patrol
- detectives
- constable
- mounted
- uniformed
- CID
police - types of offender/crime
all offenders and all crimes
police - reach
- there are 43 police forces in england and wales
- 39 in england and 4 in wales
cps - aims and objectives
- created to allow for there to be separation between those who arrest and those who prosecute
- created by the prosecution of offences act 1985
- review evidence by the police and present and prosecute all cases
cps - funding
funded by the HM treasury
- in 2019 they received £567 million
cps - philosophy
- fair
- objective
- independent
- respect
- professionalism
- striving for excellence
cps - working practices
full code test:
- evidential test
- public interest test
if these fail:
- threshold test
cps - types of offender/crime
all offenders and all crimes
cps - reach
- there are 14 branches of the cps
- yorkshire is our local
judiciary - aims and objectives
- make sure everything is fair
- uphold the law - explain the law to the jury
- pass sentences
- ensure justice
- sum up the case
judiciary - funding
- senior salaries review body (ssrb)
- average salary is £100k per year
judiciary - philosophy
- independence
- impartiality
- integrity
- all judges take a judicial oath before each case
judiciary - working practices
- district judges
- circuit judges
- crown, magistrates, supreme and court of appeal judges
- they all have security of tenure - their salary is guaranteed and they have job security
judiciary - types of offender/crime
judges who work in higher courts deal with higher level offender
judiciary - reach
there are 6 circuit judges in england and wales
prisons - aims and objectives
- protect the public
- deters others or the individual from reoffending
- rehabilitation
- retribution
prisons - funding
- the HM prison service is funded by the government
- private prisons are funded by private companies, e.g. G4S
prisons - philosophy
- keeping in custody those sentenced by the court
- look after prisoners with humanity
- help prisoners lead law-abiding and useful lives
prisons - working practices
category a (closed) - those who escape would be highly dangerous to the public or national security. e.g. terrorists and serial killers. e.g. HMP Frankland, HMP Full Sutton
category b (closed) - don’t require max security, but for who escape needs to be hard. e.g. mid level offences (1 murder). e.g. HMP Durham, HMP Pentonville
category c (closed) - can’t be trusted in open conditions but are unlikely to escape. e.g. mid level offences (ABH, GBH), e.g. HMP Holme House, HMP Northumberland
category d (open) -can be reasonably trusted to not escape and have the privilege of an open prison. subject to approval they may be given Release on Temporary License to Work in the Community. e.g. non violent, e.g. HMP Kirklevington, HMP Ford
prisons - type of offender/crime
the most dangerous criminals who commit the highest level offences go to category a or b prisons
prisons - reach
- 122 prisons in england and wales
- 105 ran by HM prison service
- 17 ran by private companies
probation - aims and objectives
- rehabilitate offenders
- reintroduce them into society
- assess the level of risk an offender may present to the public
probation - funding
funded by the national offender management service, via taxes
probation - philosophy
- to believe offenders can change
- integrity
- to appreciate the rights of individuals
- to promote social justice and equality
probation - working practices
- prepare pre-sentence reports for court
- helping/monitoring offenders getting out of prison and on a community sentence
probation - type of offender/crime
- high risk offenders - murders, sex offenders, terrorists etc. (those on life sentences)
- medium to low risk - abh, fraud, burglary
probation - reach
12 regions in england and wales
prison reform trust - aims and objectives
- reduce the use of prison
- improve conditions for prisoners
- promote equality and human rights
prison reform trust - funding
rely on voluntary donations and don’t accept government funding
prison reform trust - working practices
- run a project for those with sentences of 10+ years aiming to make a positive impact on them and their families
- runa. project to ban PAVA spray, the use has become normalised
prison reform trust - type of offenders/crime
all offenders and all crimes
prison reform trust - reach
work all over england and wales to conduct research and run projects
howard league for penal reform - aims and objectives
- less crime and a more humane response to prisoners
- safer communities
- less people in prison
howard league for penal reform - funding
rely on voluntary donations and don’t accept government funding
howard league for penal reform - working practices
- run a free and confidential legal advice service
- their ‘books for prisoners’ campaign was very successful
- they campaigned to reduce child arrests - fell by 58% since they started
howard league for penal reform - type of offenders/crime
all offenders and all crimes
howard league for penal reform - reach
work all over england and wales to conduct research and run projects
