AC3.2 Flashcards
what is environmental design
CPTED = crime prevention through environmental design
prison design= panopticon prison and supermax prison
gated lanes
what is CPTED
based on the idea that crime results from opportunities from the physical environment.
5 key factors of CPTED: surveillance, Access, Territory, Physical maintenance and order maintenance
crime can be reduced by, creating open spaces with strong lighting to provide visibility
lack of hiding spaces and low level bushes.
strengths of CPTED
help reduce the opportunity for crime to happen due to the high lighting and clear spaces
showing that the environment is taken care of will deter criminals form committing crime as places that are well looked after tend to have CCTV
help reduce crime such as breaking an entering
weaknesses of CPTED
not all crimes can be reduced eg domestic abuse
doesn’t help to reduce crime overall, helps to in that area but that means that the criminal will go to a different area that looks more run down. Overall crime isn’t being prevented its just happening in another area.
case study relating to CPTED
Damilola Taylor died in a closed off and dark concreate stair case on a housing estate. if the stair case was bright, more open and the area looked nicer this wouldn’t off happened.
prison design
two different designs, panopticon prison which is all seeing and super max prison.
Panopticon prison is shaped like a circle with a watch tower in the middle, it is to allow all prisoners to be watched without the prisoners being able to tell if they are being watched. the design ensures a sense of permanent visibility to ensure social control.
super max prisons are the most secure prisons, they hold the most notorious criminals, who are a risk to authority and society. super max prisons are isolated buildings in the middle of no where, each prisoner can be locked up for up to 23 hours a day without contact from another human.
strengths and weaknesses to the supermax prison design in achieving social control
strengths:
keeping them locked up for up to 23 hours a day prevents fights with other inmates
isolated from society, protecting the public
weaknesses:
due to them being isolated all day, this can affect there mental heath since they aren’t having any communication and the inhumane conditions they live in, this can lead to re offending since there mindset hasn’t been changed
cost 3 to 5 times more to build and maintain then the traditional prisons - could possibly be taking money out of the police funding.
strengths and weaknesses to the panopticon prison design in achieving social control.
strengths:
since the prisoners don’t know when they are being watched it causes them to have good behaviour at all time.
designed so only one officer needed to watch them
weaknesses:
only achieves short term social control since once they are released they aren’t being watched so possibly could re offend
always has to be someone at the tower
what is gated lanes
these are gates installed at the entrance to rear alleyways in order to deter burglars or other criminal activity.
effectiveness of gated lanes in achieving social control
has allowed for people to feel safe in there community since no more petty crimes such as theft and drug use happen there
has helped reduce crimes such as litter, drug use and loitering
help reduce anti social behaviour
limitations of gated lanes in achieving social control
cost £4000 per gate installed which can be taking money our of agencies like the police
residents say they are a nuisance since they used the alleyway for a quicker path way to bus stops.
only tackle small amounts of anti social behaviour
what are behavioural tactics
ASBOs
CBOs
Token economy
what is token economy
a way to control behaviour inside of prisons
rewarding positive behaviour and punishing negative behaviour.
desired behaviour may be following the rules, keeping cell clean and not starting fights. Rewards for this include things like extra phone calls/visits and wearing own clothes or being given a job.
if you have bad behaviour u can have you privilege’s taken away such as having a TV in your sell
effectiveness of token economy achieving social control
strengths:
helps alter offenders mindset therefore once released they most likely wont re offend
simple and easy idea for offenders to understand
weakness:
however once released there will be no one to reward good behaviour so may lead to re offending
doesn’t deal with why people commit that crime only ways to stop them
what is an ASBO
Anti Social Behavioural Order, used to change persons behaviour to make them more socially compliant.
introduced to limit anti social behaviour involving drinking.
often offenders viewed them as a badge of honour, they were regularly breached