AC2.1 Flashcards
Social control
For society to function people need to behave as others expect them too
It involves persuading people to conform to society’s norms, laws and expectations
Many ways in society to keep this control, external and internal
Internal forms of social control
Moral conscience/super ego (freud) - tells us what is right or wrong and inflicts guilty feelings if we do the wrong thing, conform to rules as superego gives us social control by telling us to behave and follow laws rather than act on urges of the id
Tradition and culture - culture and religion become a part of us through the way we are socialise, we accept our cultures norms and traditions and we conform to them to be accepted by out community, don’t want to let down our culture, religion or community
Internalisation
When rules, norms, values become a part of us
Learn through socialisation, rolemodels
Rational ideology
Internalise social rules and use them to tell us what is right and wrong to ensure we follow the law
Powers of CJS
Police - arrest, detain, stop and search, questioning
CPS - charge, prosecute
Judges and magistrates - sentences, fines, bail, punishment
Prison - detain, punish misbehaviour in prison
External forms of social control
Coercion - threat or force, physical or psychological, negative sanctions, prison is a form
Loss of liberty - lose freedom like seeing family and friends
Fear of punishment - make people follow the law, detterance acts as threat
Individual detterance - punishment imposed on odlffenders to determine them from committing further crimes which create more serious consequences for further offending
General detterance - fear of punishment that deters other people from committing serious crimes
Hirschi’s social bond control theory
Criminal acts occur when an individuals bond to society is weak or broken :
Attachments
Commitment
Involvement
Beliefs
Gottfredson and Hirschi’s control theory
If the parenting we receive is poor or inconsistent with absent parental discipline, then we are less likely to have self control and therefore commit crime
Riley and Shaw control theory
Lack of parental control and supervision can cause delinquency
Parents should involve themselves with their teenagers and take an interest in their lives
Reckless containment control theory
Importance of parenting and upbringing, psychological tendencies to commit crime, effective socialisation and parenting can provide internal containment by building the self control to resist the tendency to offend, controls like parental discipline can also provide external containment
Feminist control theory
The reason why womens offending rate is so low is because of the control they experience by men in the patriarchal society
Less opportunity to commit crime compared to men
Carlen found that females who offend have failed to form an attachment with parents due to abuse or being in care
