A.C. 3.2 Booklet 4 Flashcards
(37 cards)
What does CPTED stand for?
Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design
What are the four key principles CPTED is based on?
-Surveillance
-Access
-Territorial
-Maintenance
What is surveillance?
Environment influences based on natural and technical surveillance which can reduce chances of crime being committed.
What is access?
Natural access control relies on physical elements to keep people out of a place they aren’t allowed to be in.
What is territoriality?
People naturally want to protect an area which they feel territorial about, so giving a neighbourhood a sense of place reduced crime
What is maintenance?
The more dilapidated and area is, the more likely crime will occur. Broken Windows Theory.
What is an indefensible space?
An area where crime is more likely to occur due to not belonging to anyone, like a stairwell.
It was found that 55% of crimes occur in these spaces.
What is a defensible space?
An area where crime is less likely to occur due to not belonging to anyone, unlike a stairwell.
What is a case which links to defensible / indefensible spaces?
Damlilo Taylor, who died in a stairwell. If this indefensible space didn’t exist, he may have lived.
What is SBD?
Secured by Design:
-30% of lowering burglary rates
-Done by a team of architechs who work with local councils
What are gated lanes, and what do studies say about them?
A tactic which involves installing lockable gates to prevent offenders by removing their access to alleyways.
Studies sasy these reduce burglary.
What are the positives of Gated Lanes?
-Increase territorality
-Relatively low-cost, £1 is spent yet £1.86 is saved
What is a panopticon?
A prison ran by self-surveillance as prisoners believe they are constantly being watched
How do gated lanes maintain social control?
-Reduces access for criminals
-Helps with surveillance
-Removes indefencable areas
What is an ASBO?
Anti-Social Behaviour Order!
Designed to address anti-social behaviour in communities
Why were ABSO’s removed, and when did they last?
2000-2013
Ditched due to being continuously breached, with people with it using it as a “badge of honour”.
What were ASBOs replaced with?
CBOs
Why are CBOs better than ASBOs?
They are involved with Courts, making them more serious. In addition, they were given to more serious offenders, and have more serious consequences (5yrs if breached).
Who created Token Economy?
Skinner
What is the IEP scheme and what is the full name?
-Incentives & Earned Priviledges Scheme
-Something used to incentivise offenders to comply with prison rules thtough basic, standard and enhanced levels.
Probation Orders are used as a behavioural tactic, how?
Makes offenders need to take:
-Rehabilitation programmes
-Attend CBT programmes
-Have curfews be made to avoid locations
What are institutions that put measures above people?
Family, School, Workplace, Police
What are the rewards and sanctions of Family?
Santions: Loss of priviledges, Grounding
Rewards: Gifts
What are the rewards and sanctions of School?
Santions: Detentions, Homework, Exclusions
Rewards: Certificates, Point Systems, Stickers
