AC 3.2 Flashcards
(22 cards)
What are agencies that aim to achieve social control?
Formal and Informal mechanisms, internal or external controls that operate to produce conformity.
What are two features of environmental design?
- reduce the opportunity for offenders.
- affect peoples ability to exercise control
What are the two features Oscar Newman outlines in relation to environmental design?
- defensible spaces
- indefensible spaces
What are defensible spaces?
Spaced we are able to keep control of e.g through the use of cameras
What are indefensible spaces?
Spaces not kept in control of, not cared for or not owned by anyone in particular
Newmans’ territoriality feature of defensible spaces
The environment encourages a sense of ownership e.g cul de sacs
Newmans’ natural surveillance feature of a defensible space?
Buildings that have open areas were everyone can see
Newmans safe image feature of a defensible space?
Clear that buildings and the area are cared for and looked after (broken windows theory)
Newmans safe location feature of a defensible space?
Spaces that are isolated from the outside world e.g neighborhood watch
What did Bentham develop?
The panoptican prison design
What is the idea of the panoptican?
Prisoners should feel like they are always watched, inspector is centered in the middle with cells surrounding
What are the positives of the panoptican?
- safe for officers
- cheaper as less inspectors needed
- infections and diseases do not spread easily
What are the negatives of the panoptican?
- not easy to implement
- not humane
- expensive to build
What did Micheal Foucalt develop from the panoptican?
He argues that we rely on self surveillance as social control, due to our fear of what others think of us
What is situational crime prevention?
Based on adaptions that can be made to prevent crime
What is Felsons routine activity theory linked to situational crime prevention?
- a motivated offender
- a suitable target
- absence of a capable guardian
Rational choice theory - situational crime prevention
Increasing risk and effort involved in committing crime will put off an offender from committing crime
What are behavioural tactics?
Tactics used by agencies to change an individuals behaviour
What are ASBO’s?
Anti - social behavioural order
What are ASBOS used for?
Used to tackle low level disorder such as vandalism.
Not criminal orders but can go to prison for breaching them.
Labelling theory - ASBOS
When someone is labelled, this becomes their master status due to self - fulfilling prophecy
What replaced ASBOS in 2014?
Civil injuctions and criminal behaviour orders
