A.C 3.1

Question 1

What are the aims and the objectives of the police?

Answer 1

reducing crime
maintain “law and order”
arrest, detain, search and interview using PACE (1984)

Question 2

How are the Police funded?

Answer 2

primarily from government grants raised by taxes including council tax.

Question 3

what are the working practices and philosophies of the police?

Answer 3

teams of police officers work the best and respond to emergency and non-emergency call from the public with different specialist units.

Question 4

What are the aims and objectives of the cps?

Answer 4

principle prosecuting agency since 1986
decide what cases should be prosecuted or kept under review
determine the appropriate charges
advise the police
prepare/present cases

Question 5

What is the philosophy of the CPS?

Answer 5

independence and fairness
honesty and openness
treating everyone with respect
behaving professionally
striving for excellence

Question 6

How are the CPS funded?

Answer 6

as a government-funded body most of their costs are met from the budget. They also recover some costs from prosecution, confiscations and retrains

Question 7

What are the working practices of the CPS?

Answer 7

divided into 13 geographical areas across England and Wales that are each led by the Director of Prosecutions.

Question 8

what test is used by the CPS?

Answer 8

Full code test which breaks down into+
1. evidential test
2. public interest test

Question 8

What are the aims and objectives of the Judiciary?

Answer 8

Crown Court judges manage the trial by interpreting and applying the law
explain the procedure to the jury
summing up evidence for the jury
passing sentences where appropriate
magistrates have similar roles but no jury

Question 9

What is the philosophy and funding of the judiciary?

Answer 9

They are independent from the government/parliament ensure lack of bias and their salaries are met by public funds and independent Senior Salaries Review Body

Question 10

What are the working practices of the judiciary?

Answer 10

judges are divided into superior and inferior judges. They are sworn into office by taking the judiciary oath and the oath of allegiance to the crown

Question 11

What are the aims and objectives of prison?

Answer 11

to keep those sentenced in custody and to rehabilitate them. They work with the police, councils and voluntary organizations to achieve this.

Question 12

How are prisons funded?

Answer 12

government funded through taxation

Question 13

What are the working practices of prison?

Answer 13

most prisons are run by the National Offender Management Service within the public sector but some are privately run

Question 14

How are male prisons divided?

Answer 14

Category A- high security=inmates are a threat to the public
Category B- local or training prisons
Category C- training and resettlement programmes
Category D- open prison

Question 15

Who are female prisons divided?

Answer 15

open and closed according to their risks/needs

Question 16

What are the philosophy of prisons?

Answer 16

privileges are available depending on their behaviour: all prisoners start at a standard level and can be moved to enhanced as a reward. They can also be reduced to basic level for bad behaviour. This token economy is called Incentives and Earned Privileges Scheme and is used as a form of behaviour modification.

Question 17

What are the aims and objectives of the National Probation Service?

Answer 17

supervising high risk offenders released into the community.
Community rehabilitation companies provide probation to those not high risk
part of the sentence served in the community either on license, suspended sentence or a community service order.

Question 18

What is the philosophy of the National Probation Service?

Answer 18

priority is protections of the public by effective rehabilitation of high-risk offenders, tackling causes of offending and enabling offenders to turn their lives around.

Question 19

How is the National Probation Service funded?

Answer 19

NPS is government funded but CRC’s are self-funding

Question 20

what are the working practices of the National Probation Service?

Answer 20

preparation of pre-sentence reports for court, manage approved premises and residence requirement of sentence, assess offender for release on license where they supervise them, communicate and prioritize the wellbeing of victims of serious sexual and violent offence when the offender received more than 12 months in prison or is detained as a mental health patient.

Question 21

What are the aims and objectives of Charities and pressure groups?

Answer 21

may differ from one to another but they aim to support either offenders, their families or victims

Question 22

How are charities and pressure groups funded?

Answer 22

non profit making organizations which are funded by donations, membership subscriptions, fund-raising and some government grants and tax advantages

Question 23

What is the Criminal Justice Alliance?

Answer 23

coalition of 150 organizations committed to improving the CJS which includes charities and research institutions including the Police Foundation, Prison Governors Association, Prisoners’ Education Trust, Samaritans and the Church of England Mission.

Question 24

What is the Howard League for Penal Reform?

Answer 24

the oldest penal reform charity in the UK
philosophy: less crime, safer communities and fewer people in prison. aims to transform prisons and work with parliament, the media and other agencies. Hence, it is also a pressure group.

Question 25

What is the Prince’s trust?

Answer 25

focus on young people (11-30) helping them with jobs, education and training and confidence building. This includes working with young offenders.