A.C 2.2

Question 1

What are the aims of punishment?

Answer 1

retribution- expressing society’s outrage
rehabilitation
deterrence
public protection
reparation

Question 2

What is retribution?

Answer 2

-involves inflicting punishment on an offender as vengeance for a wrong or criminal act
- just deserts = eye for an eye
- punishment should fit the crime
- hate crimes are an example
- links to right realism

Question 3

What are the criticisms of retribution?

Answer 3

• can be argued that defendants deserve forgiveness
• tariffs inflict punishment when no good is going to come out of it
• punishment is subjective

Question 4

What is Rehabilitation?

Answer 4

• punishment can be used to reform or change offenders so they no longer offend.
  -polices include: education and training programmes, anger management, drug treatment
• links to operant learning theory

Question 5

What are the criticisms of Rehabilitation?

Answer 5

• right realists argue that rehab has only limited success and many offenders go on to reoffend
• Marxists criticize programmes for shifting the responsibility for offenders onto their failings.

Question 6

What is deterrence?

Answer 6

puts someone of doing a specific thing.
- individual deterrence= deter the individual offender
- general deterrence= deters society
- links to rational choice theory

Question 7

What are the Criticisms of deterrence?

Answer 7

• very little evidence that boot camps reduced youth offending
• recidivism rates
• deterrence assumes rationality

Question 8

What is public protection?

Answer 8

-incapacitation/imprisonment
links to biological theories (Lombroso and eugenics)

Question 9

What are the criticisms of public protection?

Answer 9

• leads to longer sentences= rise in the prison population
• risk management. does not do anything to deal with the cause of crime
• 3 strikes principle repunishes individuals
• assumes they will reoffend

Question 10

What is reparation?

Answer 10

-offender makes amends for a wrong they have done.
- through financial compensation or unpaid work
- restorative justice
- links to labelling (breaks stereotype) and functionalists (put things back to normal

Question 11

What are the criticisms of reparation?

Answer 11

• may not work in all types of offences
• some regard reparation as too soft and lets offenders off lightly